ASTM_D_1987_-_22.pdf

Designation:D198722Standard Test Method forBiological Clogging of Geotextile,Drainage Geocomposites,or Soil/Geotextile Filters1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1987;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method is used to determine the potential for,and relative degree of,biological growth which can accumulateon geotextile,drainage geocomposites,or geotextile/soil filters.1.2 This test method uses the measurement of flow ratesover an extended period of time to determine the amount ofclogging.1.3 This test method can be adapted for unsaturated as wellas saturated conditions.1.4 This test method can use constant head or falling headmeasurement techniques.1.5 This test method can also be used to give an indicationas to the possibility of back flushing,biocide treatment,orboth,for remediation purposes if biological clogging doesoccur.1.6 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values provided in inch-pound units are for informationonly.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Tex-tilesD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs)for TestingD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4491/D4491M Test Methods for Water Permeability ofGeotextiles by PermittivityD5101 Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compat-ibility of Soil-Geotextile SystemsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodG22 Practice for Determining Resistance of Plastics toBacteria(Withdrawn 2002)33.Terminology3.1 Please consult Terminology D4439 for definitions re-lated to this test method.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Ageotextile filter,drainage geocomposite,or geotextile/soil filter composite specimen is positioned in a flow column sothat a designated liquid flows through it under either constantor falling head conditions.4.1.1 The designated liquid might contain microorganismsfrom which biological growth can occur.4.2 Flow rate is measured over time,converted to eitherpermittivity or permeability,and reported accordingly.4.2.1 Between readings,the test specimen can be allowed tobe in either unsaturated or saturated conditions.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-ance Properties.Current edition approved May 1,2022.Published June 2022.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D1987 18.DOI:10.1520/D1987-22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.14.2.2 Back flushing can be introduced from the directionopposite to the intended flow direction and evaluated accord-ingly.4.2.3 Biocide can be introduced with the back flushingliquid,or introduced within the test specimen,and evaluatedaccordingly.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is performance oriented for determin-ing if,and to what degree,different liquids create biologicalactivity on geotextile filters thereby reducing their flow capa-bility.The use of the method is primarily oriented towardlandfill leachates but can be performed with any liquid comingfrom a particular site or synthesized from a predeterminedmixture of biological microorganisms.5.2 The test can be used to compare the flow capability ofdifferent types of geotextiles,drainage geocomposite,or soil/geotextile combinations.5.3 This test will usually take co