ASTM_D_1424_-_09_2013e1.pdf

Designation:D142409(Reapproved 2013)1Standard Test Method forTearing Strength of Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum(Elmendorf-Type)Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1424;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1NOTEIn Table A3.1,typographical errors in the Useable Test Ranges were corrected editorially in January 2015.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forcerequired to propagate a single-rip tear starting from a cut in afabric and using a falling-pendulum(Elmendorf-Type)appa-ratus.1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics includingwoven,layered blankets,napped pile,blanket,and air bagfabrics,provided the fabric does not tear in the directioncrosswise to the direction of the force application during thetest.The fabrics may be untreated,heavily sized,coated,resin-treated,or otherwise treated.Instructions are provided fortesting specimens with,or without,wetting.1.3 This test method is suitable only for the warp directiontests of warp-knit fabrics.It is not suited for the coursedirection of warp knit fabrics or either direction of most otherknitted fabrics.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S.customaryunits are to be regarded as standard,but must be usedindependently of each other.The U.S.customary units may beapproximate.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2261 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by theTongue(Single Rip)Procedure(Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed Data(With-drawn 2008)3D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles(Withdrawn 2008)3D4848 Terminology Related to Force,Deformation andRelated Properties of TextilesD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsD5587 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byTrapezoid Procedure3.Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59,Fabric TestMethods,General,refer to Terminology D4850.3.2 For all terminology relating to Force,Deformation andRelated Properties in Textiles,refer to Terminology D4848.3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:cross-machine direction,CD,length of tear,machine direction,MD,tearing energy,tearing force,tear resistance,tearingstrength,fabric.3.3 For all other terminology related to textiles,refer toTerminology D123.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Aslit is centrally precut in a test specimen held betweentwo clamps and the specimen is torn through a fixed distance.The resistance to tearing is in part factored into the scalereading of the instrument and is computed from this readingand the pendulum capacity.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,Specific.Current edition approved July 1,2013.Published September 2013.Originallyapproved in 1956.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1424 09.DOI:10.1520/D1424-09R13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method for the determination of tearingstrength by the falling pendulum type apparatus is used in thetrade for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments offabrics,but caution is advised since technicians may fail to getgood agreement between results on certain fabrics.Compara-tive tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be needed.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments,the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isa statistical bias between their laboratories.Statistical assis-tance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As aminimum,the two parties should take a group of test speci-mens that are as homogeneou