ASTM_D_2243_-_95_2014.pdf

Designation:D224395(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forFreeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2243;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating theeffect of freeze/thaw cycling on the viscosity and visual filmproperties of water-borne coatings.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit(KU)Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eterD2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational(Brookfield type)Viscometer3.Summary of Test Method3.1 The water-borne coating is put into two pint-size(500-mL)resin-lined cans.One can is stored at room temperature,while the other can is subjected to cycles of freezing andthawing.After cycling,the coating is examined for changes inviscosity and visual film properties.4.Significance and Use4.1 When water-borne coatings are shipped during coldweather,they may experience cycles of freezing and thawing.Cycles of freezing and thawing cause more damage to water-borne coatings than when the coatings are subjected to steadyfreezing.5.Apparatus5.1 Test ChamberA suitable cabinet,room,or enclosurespace large enough to contain the specimens to be testedpermitting at least 25 mm(1 in.)of air space between the sidesof adjacent cans and capable of being maintained continuouslyat a temperature of 18C(0F).NOTE1Although a variation of the test chamber temperature of 62C(63.5F)is allowed,the test chamber temperature should be maintainedas near 18C(0F)as practicable and the amount of variation should berecorded and reported.5.2 ViscometerA Stormer viscometer with paddle typerotor as described in Test Method D562 or a Brookfieldviscometer as described in Test Methods D2196.5.3 Test ChartsSmooth surface paper charts having adja-cent black and white areas,and coated with a suitable varnishor lacquer to render the surface impermeable to paint liquids.5.4 Paint Brush,25 mm(1 in.).5.5 Bar Applicator,with a 0.18-mm(7-mil)clearance.6.Preparation of Sample and Specimens6.1 Prepare specimens for testing by filling 500 mL(1-pt)resin-lined,friction-top cans two thirds full.Ensure that thebulk sample from which the cans are filled is well stirred anduniform,that the containers used are clean,and that the lids areapplied promptly to the cans to prevent evaporation losses.Two such specimens are required for each test.7.Exposure to Test Conditions7.1 Store one can at room temperature and identify this asthe control specimen.7.2 Place the second can,the paint under test,identified asthe“test specimen”,in the chamber maintained at 18C(0F)in such a manner that it does not touch the walls or bottom ofthe chamber and so that free circulation of air around it ispermitted.The placing of cans on racks that raise them off thebottom of the chamber or upon pieces of insulating boardresting on the bottom is suggested.In the case of several test1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applicationsand is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.Current edition approved Dec.1,2014.Published December 2014 Originallyapproved in 1964.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2243 95(2008).DOI:10.1520/D2243-95R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 specimens,maintain a minimum of 25 mm(1 in.)of air spacebetween adjacent cans and between cans and the chamberwalls.Keep the test specimen in the chamber for 17 h and thenremove and allow to stand for 7 h undisturbed at roomtemperature,adjacent to the control specimen,for a completefreeze-thaw cycle of 24 h.7.3 Repeat 7.2 for additional freeze-thaw cycles,as many asagreed on between cooperating laboratories or buyer and seller(One to five cycles are usual.).8.Examination8.1 After completion of the agreed or specified number ofcycles,examine