ASTM_D_1989_-_97.pdf

Designation:D 1989 97Standard Test Method forGross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke by MicroprocessorControlled Isoperibol Calorimeters1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1989;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the grosscalorific value of coal and coke by an isoperibol bombcalorimeter using electronic temperature sensors and automaticcalorimeter controllers.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard,except as noted otherwise.The values given inparentheses are for information only.NOTE1Conversion to other units is discussed in Appendix X1.Timeis expressed in minutes.Mass is expressed in grams.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardstatements,see Section 8.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 121 Terminology of Coal and Coke2D 346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of CokeSamples for Laboratory Analysis2D 388 Classification of Coals by Rank2D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water3D 2013 Method of Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis2D 3173 Test Method for Moisture in theAnalysis Sample ofCoal and Coke2D 3177 Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the AnalysisSample of Coal and Coke2D 3180 Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analysesfrom As-Determined to Different Bases2D 4239 Test Methods for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample ofCoal and Coke Using High Temperature Tube FurnaceCombustion Methods2E 144 Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen CombustionBombs4E 178 Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 calorific value,nthe heat produced by combustionof a unit quantity of a test specimen under specified conditions.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIt is expressed in this test method incalories per gram(cal/g),and can also be expressed in Britishthermal units per pound(Btu/lb),or in the International Systemof Units(SI)in joules per gram(J/g),when required.The unitequivalents are given in Table 1.3.1.2 calorimeter,nas used in this test method,not onlythe bomb and its contents but also includes the bucket,electronic sensing devices,ignition leads,water,and the stirrerwhen using water.3.1.3 calorimeter jacket,nthe insulating medium sur-rounding the calorimeter.3.1.4 gross calorific value(gross heat of combustion atconstant volume),Qv(gross),nsee Terminology D 121.3.1.5 isoperibol,adja term used in combustion calorim-etry meaning constant temperature jacket(environment).3.1.6 microprocessor,na central processing chip withinthe electronic controller section of the apparatus.3.1.7 net calorific value(net heat of combustion at constantpressure,Qp(net),nsee Terminology D 121.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 corrected temperature risethe temperature changeof the calorimeter caused by the process that occurs inside thebomb,that is,the observed temperature change corrected forvarious affects as noted in 10.4.1.3.2.2 energyequivalent,heatcapacity,orwaterequivalentthe energy required to raise the temperature of thecalorimeter one arbitrary unit.This is the quantity that whenmultiplied by the corrected temperature rise,and then adjustedfor extraneous heat effects and divided by the mass of thesample,determines the gross calorific value.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-5 on Coal andCoke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.21 on Methods ofAnalysis.Current edition approved July 10,1997.Published May 1998.Originallypublished as D 1989 91.Last previous edition D 1989 96.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.05.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Calorific value is determined in this test method byburning a weighed sample of coal or coke under controlledconditions,in an atmosphere of oxygen,in a calibratedmicroprocessor controlled isoperibol calorimeter.The calorim-eter is calibrated by burning a specified amount of benzoicacid,as defined in 7.3.The calorific value of the test specimenis computed from microprocessor temperature readings madebefore,during,and after making proper allowances for heatcontributions by other processes.The microprocessor mayrecord these temperatures in either of two modes:a full-temperature method and a temperature extrapolation method.NOTE2Oxidation after sampling and before testing a susceptiblelow-rank coal or lignite can re