ASTM_D_1937_-_21.pdf

Designation:D193721Standard Test Method forCarbon Black,PelletedMass Strength1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1937;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the massstrength of pelleted carbon black.It is designed to determinethe force required to pack a cylindrical column of pelletedcarbon black.The results of this test are believed to relate to theability of the carbon black to flow in bulk handling systems.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1799 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling PackagedShipmentsD1900 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Bulk Ship-mentsD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustries3.Summary of Test Method3.1 Asample of carbon black is placed in a vertical cylinderand pressed with a plunger for 10 s after which the bottom ofthe cylinder is opened,whereupon all of the carbon black eitherfalls out the bottom or forms a ring or bridge in the cylinder.The process is repeated with a new sample until the minimumforce required for the carbon black to form a ring or bridge isfound.The resultant force is called mass strength and isreported in Newtons.4.Significance and Use4.1 Mass strength gives an indication of the flowability inbulk handling.It is affected by pellet properties such ashardness,size,shape,and especially fines content.Due to theinfluence of other variables,the user and the producer mustdetermine an acceptable mass strength level.5.Apparatus5.1 Mass Strength Tester,3with a compression chambercomprising:5.1.1 Hollow Compression Cylinder,of 95.25 mm(3.75 in.)depth and 52.4 mm(2.06 in.)diameter,made of stainless steel.5.1.2 Plunger,of 50.8 mm(2 in.)diameter and a centralbore of 12.7 mm(0.5 in.)diameter and 19 mm(0.75 in.)depth,made of stainless steel.5.1.3 Force Application Mechanism,allowing the applica-tion of a controllable force onto the plunger.5.2 Powder Funnel,to completely fill the cylinder.5.3 Spatula,with a straight edge of at least 55 mm(2.2 in.).5.4 Brush,approximately 40 mm(1.5 in.),stiff bristle.6.Sampling6.1 Samples shall be taken in accordance with PracticesD1799 or D1900.7.Calibration7.1 The manufacturer will typically calibrate the instru-ments measurement system before delivery.Load cells aretypically calibrated or verified using a reference load cell orcalibrated masses,or both.Traceability is recommended for allcalibration devices.Follow the manufacturers recommenda-tions for calibration frequency and procedure.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on CarbonBlack and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.51 on Carbon BlackPellet Properties.Current edition approved Nov.1,2021.Published December 2021.Originallyapproved in 1962.Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D1937 18.DOI:10.1520/D1937-21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3For information about known sources of supply of mass strength testerinstruments,please contact ASTM International at serviceastm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1?8.Procedure8.1 Compress the sample using a mass strength tester perthe manufacturer instructions.A general procedure for com-pressing carbon black involves the following steps:8.1.1 Clean the cylinder with a brush to remove anyadhering carbon black.With the sliding door(cylinder trapdoor)closed and the funnel in position,pour carbon b