ASTM_D_2321-14e1.pdf

4D2321-14e1TABLE 1 Soil Classification Chart(see Classification D2487)Criteria for Assigning Group Symbols and Group Names Using Laboratory TestsASoil ClassificationGroupGroup NameSymbolCoarse-Grained Soilsgravelsclean gravelsC24and1Cc图GWwell-graded3cgravelMore than 50%more than 50%less thanCu CcGPpoorly gradedretained on No.200of coarse fraction5%of finesgravelsieveretained on No.4 sievegravels withFines classify as ML orGMsilty gravemore thanMH12 finesFines classify as CL orGCclayeyCHgraveloFGsandsclean sandsCu6and1CcSWwell-graded3csand#50%or more ofless thanCuCcSPpoorly gradedcoarse fraction5%fines3csandHpasses on No.4 sievesand with finesFines cLassify as MLSMsilty sandFor MHmore thanFines classify as CL orSC12 finesCHclayeyandFine-Grained Soilssilts and claysinorganicPI7 and plots on orlean claykabove Aline50%or more passesliquid limitPI4 and plots belowMLsiltROMthe No.200 sieveless than 50AlineorganicLiquid Limit-Oven driedorganicLiquid Limit-Not dried75OLorganic silt-KLMOsilts and claysinorganicPI plots on or aboveCHfat clayRuw“Aineliquid limitPlots below AlineMHelastic siltM50 or moreorganicLiquid Limit-OvenorganicDriedLiquid Limit-Not Dried.75OHClayKLAPorg2sHighly organic soilsprimarily organic matter,dark in color,and organic odorPTpeatA Based on the material passing the 3-in.(75-mm)sieve.If field sample contained cobbles or boulders,or both,add with cobbles or boulders,or bothto group name.Cu=Do/D.CcDoD0If soil contains=15%sand,add with sandto group name.Gravels with 5 to 12 fines require dual symbols:GW-GM well-graded gravel with silt:GW-GC well-graded gravel with clayGP-GM poorly graded gravel with siltGP-GC poorly graded gravel with clayFIf fines classify as CL-ML,use dual symbol GC-GM,or SC-SM.If fines are organic,add with organic finesto group name.#If soil contains=15 gravel,add with gravelto group nameSands with 5 to 12 fines require dual symbols:SW-SM well-graded sand with siltSW-SC well-graded sand with claySP.SM poorly graded sand with siltSP-SC poorly graded sand with clayIf Atterberg limits plot in hatched area,soil is a CL-ML,silty clay(see Test Method D4318).*If soil contains 15 to 29 plus No.200,add with sandor with gravel,whichever is predominant.4If soil contains=30%plus No.200,predominantly sand,addsandyto group name.MIf soil contains=30%plus No.200.predominantly gravel,add gravellyto group name.NPl4 and plots on or above“Aine.PI4 or plots below Aline.PPI plots on or aboveAline.PI plots below Aline.installation,and until embedment is installed and sufficient6.2.2 Running Water-Control running water emanatingbackfill has been placed to prevent flotation of the pipe.Tofrom drainage of surface or ground water to preclude under-preclude loss of soil support,employ dewatering methods thatmining of the trench bottom or walls,the foundation,or otherminimize removal of fines and the creation of voids in in-situzones of embedment.Provide dams,cutoffs or other barriersmaterials.periodically along the installation to preclude transport of