ASTM_D_1566_-_15.pdf

Designation:D156615Standard Terminology Relating toRubber1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1566;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical termsused in the rubber industry.Terms that are generally under-stood or adequately defined in other readily available sourcesare not included.1.2 Definitions for terms that have been established by otherbodies recognized as expert in the field will,after ballotapproval,be inserted in this terminology without change,andthe source of the definition will be identified.Exceptions to thisrule will be where the meaning of the term as used in the rubberindustry is different from the common meaning of the term.1.3 Users of this terminology who require mathematicalexpressions for the time and temperature dependent physicalproperties of some terms found in this standard should refer toGuide D5992 and other standards listed under referenceddocuments.Selected terms from Guide D5992 may be found inAnnex A1.1.4 Although this terminology standard avoids the inclusionof jargon and archaic terms as much as possible,some termshave been retained for historical reasons.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD925 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyStaining of Sur-faces(Contact,Migration,and Diffusion)D1076 Specification for RubberConcentrated,AmmoniaPreserved,Creamed,and Centrifuged Natural LatexD1148 TestMethodforRubberDeteriorationDiscoloration from Ultraviolet(UV)or UV/Visible Radia-tion and Heat Exposure of Light-Colored SurfacesD1415 Test Method for Rubber PropertyInternationalHardnessD1646 TestMethodsforRubberViscosity,StressRelaxation,andPre-VulcanizationCharacteristics(Mooney Viscometer)D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used inRubber ProductsD3053 Terminology Relating to Carbon BlackD5992 Guide for Dynamic Testing of Vulcanized Rubberand Rubber-Like Materials Using Vibratory MethodsD6085 PracticeforSamplinginRubberTestingTerminology and Basic ConceptsE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE20 Practice for Particle Size Analysis of Particulate Sub-stances in the Range of 0.2 to 75 Micrometres by OpticalMicroscopy(Withdrawn 1994)3E28 Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derivedfrom Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbons,by Ring-and-Ball ApparatusE111 Test Method for Youngs Modulus,Tangent Modulus,and Chord ModulusE126 Test Method for Inspection,Calibration,and Verifica-tion of ASTM Hydrometers2.2 ISO Standards:41382-82 Rubber-Vocabulary Second Edition(Addendum16-18-1998)3.Terminologyabrasion,nsurface loss of a material due to frictional forces.abrasion resistance index,nmeasure of the abrasion resis-tance of a rubber relative to that of a standard rubber underthe same specified conditions,expressed as a percentage.accelerated life test,ntest method designed to approximatein a short time,the deteriorating effect of normal long-termservice conditions.accelerator,delayed action,naccelerator that,in conjunc-tion with other curing agent(s),produces,at vulcanizing1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.08 on Terminology.Current edition approved Nov.1,2015.Published December 2015.Originallyapproved in 1957.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1566 14.DOI:10.1520/D1566-15.The boldface designations refer to the original source of the definition and theASTM technical committee having jurisdiction.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1 rue deVaremb,Case postale 56,CH-1211,Geneva 20,Switzerland.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 temperatures,a period of no significant cross-linking,fol-lowed by a period of rapid cross-link formation.accelerator(rubber),ncompounding material used in smallamounts with a vulcanizing agent to increase the speed ofvulcanization.DISCUSSIONProperties of a vulcanizate are changed by the type oramount of accelerator used.activator,ncompounding material used in small proportionsto increase the effectiveness of an accelerator.adhesion,ncondition in which surfaces are held together bychemical or physical forces or both.adhesion failure,nloss of structural integrity due to theseparation of two bonded surfaces at the bond interface.adhesion val