ASTM_D_2041_-_D_2041M_-_11.pdf

Designation:D2041/D2041M11Standard Test Method forTheoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density ofBituminous Paving Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2041/D2041M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the theo-retical maximum specific gravity and density of uncompactedbituminous paving mixtures at 25C 77F.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.2.1 Residual pressure measurements are shown in both theSI unit of kPa and the commonly used non-standard equivalentunit of“mm of Hg”.1.2.2 Measurements of volume and mass are only given inSI units because they are the only units typically used inpractice when performing this test method.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD4753 Guide for Evaluating,Selecting,and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil,Rock,andConstruction Materials TestingE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravityof Solids,Liquids,and Gases(Withdrawn 1996)33.Terminology3.1 The terms“specific gravity”and“density”used in thistest method are in accordance with Terminology E12.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 density,as determined by this test methodthe massof a cubic meter of the material at 25C 77F in SI units.3.2.2 residual pressure,as employed by this test methodthe pressure in a vacuum vessel when vacuum is applied.3.2.3 specific gravity,as determined by this test methodthe ratio of a given mass of material at 25C 77F to the massof an equal volume of water at the same temperature.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A weighed sample of oven-dry paving mixture in theloose condition is placed in a tared vacuum vessel.Sufficientwater at a temperature of 25C 77F is added to completelysubmerge the sample.Vacuum is gradually applied to reducethe residual pressure in the vacuum vessel to 4 kPa 30 mm ofHg or less and then held for 15 6 2 min.At the end of thevacuum period,the vacuum is gradually released.The volumeof the sample of paving mixture is obtained by immersing thevacuum container with the sample in a water bath andweighing or by filling the vacuum container level full of waterand weighing in air.Both the temperature and mass aremeasured at this time.From these mass and volumemeasurements,the specific gravity or density at 25C 77 Fis calculated.5.Significance and Use5.1 The theoretical maximum specific gravities and densi-ties of bituminous paving mixtures are fundamental propertieswhose values are influenced by the composition of the mixturein terms of types and amounts of aggregates and bituminousmaterials.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 onSpecific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures.Current edition approved Jan.1,2011.Published March 2011.Originallyapproved in 1964.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2041 03A.DOI:10.1520/D2041_D2041M11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.1.1 Maximum specific gravity is used(1)in the calcula-tion of air voids in the compacted bituminous paving mixture,(2)in calculating the amount of bitumen absorbed by theaggregate,and(3)to provide target values for the compactionof paving mixtures.NOTE1The quality of the results produced by this standard aredependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedureand the capability,calibration,and maintenance of the equipment used.Agencies that meet the criteria of