ASTM_D_198_-_21a.pdf

Designation:D19821aStandard Test Methods ofStatic Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D198;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONNumerous evaluations of structural members of sawn lumber have been conducted in accordancewith Test Methods D198.While the importance of continued use of a satisfactory standard should notbe underestimated,the original standard(1927)was designed primarily for sawn lumber material,suchas bridge stringers and joists.With the advent of structural glued laminated(glulam)timbers,structuralcomposite lumber,prefabricated wood I-joists,and even reinforced and prestressed timbers,aprocedure adaptable to a wider variety of wood structural members was required and Test MethodsD198 has been continuously updated to reflect modern usage.The present standard provides a means to evaluate the flexure,compression,tension,and torsionstrength and stiffness of lumber and wood-based products in structural sizes.Aflexural test to evaluatethe shear stiffness is also provided.In general,the goal of the D198 test methods is to provide areliable and repeatable means to conduct laboratory tests to evaluate the mechanical performance ofwood-based products.While many of the properties tested using these methods may also be evaluatedusing the field procedures of Test Methods D4761,the more detailed D198 test methods are intendedto establish practices that permit correlation of results from different sources through the use of moreuniform procedures.The D198 test methods are intended for use in scientific studies,development ofdesign values,quality assurance,or other investigations where a more accurate test method is desired.Provision is made for varying the procedure to account for special problems.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber andwood-based products in structural sizes by various testingprocedures.1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:SectionsFlexure4 11Compression(Short Specimen)13 20Compression(Long Specimen)21 28Tension29 36Torsion37 44Shear Modulus45 521.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testingprocedures are given in Appendix X1.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-woodsD2395 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity(Rela-tive Density)of Wood and Wood-Based Materials1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 onWood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on FundamentalTest Methods and Properties.Current edition approved Aug.1,2021.Published August 2021.Originallyapproved in 1924.Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D198 21.DOI:10.1520/D0198-21A.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Struc-tural Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD3737 Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties forStructural Glued Laminated Timber(Glulam)D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-ment of Wood and Wood-Based MaterialsD4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumberand Wood-Based Structural MaterialsD7438 Practice for Field Calibration and Application ofHand-Held Moisture MetersE4 Practices for Force Calibra