ASTM_D_1922_-_15.pdf

Designation:D192215Standard Test Method forPropagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and ThinSheeting by Pendulum Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1922;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method2covers the determination of theaverage force to propagate tearing through a specified length ofplastic film or nonrigid sheeting after the tear has been started,using an Elmendorf-type tearing tester.Two specimens arecited,a rectangular type,and one with a constant radius testinglength.The latter shall be the preferred or referee specimen.1.2 Because of(1)difficulties in selecting uniformly iden-tical specimens,(2)the varying degree of orientation in someplastic films,and(3)the difficulty found in testing highlyextensible or highly oriented materials,or both,the reproduc-ibility of the test results may be variable and,in some cases,notgood or misleading.Provisions are made in the test method toaddress oblique directional tearing which may be found withsome materials.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 13.1.NOTE1Film has been arbitrarily defined as sheeting having nominalthickness not greater than 0.25 mm(0.010 in.).NOTE2This standard is equivalent to ISO 6383-2.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD689 Test Method for Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper(Withdrawn 2009)4D1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance(Graves Tear)ofPlastic Film and SheetingD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsD5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of SolidPlastics SpecimensD6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of Plastic FilmTest SpecimensE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2ISO Standard:ISO 6383-2 PlasticsFilm and SheetingDetermination ofTear ResistancePart 2 Elmendorf Method53.Summary of Test Method3.1 The force in grams required to propagate tearing acrossa film or sheeting specimen is measured using a preciselycalibrated pendulum device.Acting by gravity,the pendulumswings through an arc,tearing the specimen from a precut slit.The specimen is held on one side by the pendulum and on theother side by a stationary member.The loss in energy by thependulum is indicated by a pointer.The scale indication is afunction of the force required to tear the specimen.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film,Sheeting,andMolded Products.Current edition approved May 1,2015.Published June 2015.Originallyapproved in 1961.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1922-09.DOI:10.1520/D1922-15.2This test method has been adapted from TAPPI Standard Method T 414M-49,Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper.In testing certain plastic films,problems ofreproducibility and interpretation of results are encountered which require specialtreatment to make the test method of most value.This test method is revised herespecifically for use with plastic film and thin sheeting.For more completeexplanation of certain aspects of the equipment,its calibration and adjustment,referto TAPPI Standard Method T 414M-49.The following additional references may be of interest in connection with thistest method:Painter,E.V.,Chu,C.C.,and Morgan,H.M.,“Testing Textiles on the ElmendorfTear Tester,”Textile Research Journal,Vol XX,No.6,June 1950,pp.410417.Elmendorf,A.,“Strength Test for Paper,”Paper,Vol 26,April 21,1920,p.302.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method is of value in ranking relative tearingresistance of various plastic films and thin sheeti