ASTM_D_1596_-_14.pdf

Designation:D159614Standard Test Method forDynamic Shock Cushioning Characteristics of PackagingMaterial1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1596;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for obtainingdynamic shock cushioning characteristics of packaging mate-rials through acceleration-time data achieved from dropping afalling guided platen assembly onto a motionless sample.Thistest method does not address any effects or contributions ofexterior packaging assemblies.1.2 The data acquired may be used for a single point or foruse in developing a dynamic cushion curve for the specificmaterial being tested.Such data may be used for comparisonamong different materials at specific input conditions,orqualifying materials against performance specifications.Cau-tion should be used when attempting to compare data fromdifferent methods or when using such data for predictingin-package performance.Depending upon the particular mate-rials of concern,correlation of such data(from among differingprocedures or for predicting inpackage performance)may behighly variable.NOTE1Alternative and related method for possible consideration isTest Method D4168.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.The SI units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4168 Test Methods for Transmitted Shock Characteristicsof Foam-in-Place Cushioning MaterialsD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers,Packages,orPackaging Components for TestingE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for packaging and dis-tribution environments are found in Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 accelerationthe rate of change of velocity of a bodywith respect to time,measured in in./s2(m/s2).3.2.2 displacementthe magnitude of movement of a body,point,or surface from a fixed reference point,measured ininches(metres).3.2.3 dynamic cushion curvea graphic representation ofdynamic shock cushioning or transmitted shock(in Gs)over avariety of static loading conditions(psi or kg/square m)for aspecific cushioning material thickness(or structure)at aspecific equivalent free fall drop height.3.2.3.1 Such representations can encompass the averageresponse readings in Gs of a number of drops,the average ofdrops,two to five for each test phase,or represent a single,specific drop number in a drop sequence(that is,first or thirddrop data).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.13 on InteriorPackaging.Current edition approved April 1,2014.Published May 2014.Originallypublished in 1959.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1596 97(2011).DOI:10.1520/D1596-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.4 equivalent free-fall drop heightthe calculated heightof free fall in vacuum required for the dropping platen to attaina measured or given impact velocity.3.2.5 equivalent free-fall impact velocitythe calculatedimpact velocity of the dropping platen if it were to free fall ina vacuum from a specific test drop height.3.2.6 platen drop heightthe actual drop height of the testmachine platen required to obtain an equivalent free fall impactvelocity.3.2.7 reaction massa mass,consisting of the impact sur-face and any other rigidly attached mass that reacts in anopposing manner to the forces produced during the impact ofthe dropping platen on the impact surface.3.2.8 static loadingthe applied mass in pounds(kilo-grams)divided by the area,measured in square inches(metres)to which the mass is applied(lbs/in.2or kg/m2).Sometimesreferred to as static stress loading.3.2.9 velocitythe rate of change of position of a body in aspecified direction with respect to time,measured in inche