ASTM_D_153_-_84_2014.pdf

Designation:D15384(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Methods forSpecific Gravity of Pigments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D153;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover three procedures for determin-ing the specific gravity of pigments,as follows:Test Method AFor Routine Testing of Several SamplesSimultaneously.Test Method BFor Tests Requiring Greater Accuracy thanTest Method A.Test Method CFor Rapid and Accurate Testing of SingleSamples.1.2 The specific gravity value obtained by these proceduresmay be used with the weight of a dry pigment to determine thevolume occupied by the pigment in a coating formulation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardstatements,see Sections 5,11,and 15.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent Water3.Purity of Reagents3.1 Purity of WaterReference to water shall be understoodto mean reagent water as defined by Type II of SpecificationD1193.TEST METHOD AFOR ROUTINE TESTING OFSEVERAL SAMPLES SIMULTANEOUSLY4.Apparatus and Materials4.1 PycnometerA pycnometer(Note 1)having a 50-mLcapacity.NOTE1The Weld type with the cap seal on the outside of the neck ofthe bottle is preferred because there is less danger of trapping air justunder the capillary tube than with types having the ground glass seal onthe inside of the neck.4.2 Water Bath,maintained at 25 6 0.5C and equippedwith a stirring device.4.3 Manometer,open-or closed-tube(see Part f of theapparatus for Test Method C),made of glass tubing 6 mm indiameter,fitted with rubber pressure tubing attached to aT-joint leading to the desiccator and the pump.For theopen-tube type 860 mm of mercury shall be used.Thedifference in levels of the mercury in the manometer when thesystem is in operation,subtracted from the barometer readingtaken at the same time,shall be considered the absolutepressure of the system in millimetres of mercury.4.4 Desiccator,glass,constructed with heavy walls to with-stand a vacuum of one atmosphere,and with an opening at theside.4.5 Vacuum PumpsAlaboratory water vacuum-type pump(Note 2),to remove the greater portion of air in the desiccator,and an oil vacuum-type pump,motor-driven,and capable ofreducing the absolute pressure of the system to 3 mm.NOTE2The water vacuum pump may be omitted if the rate ofevacuation with the oil pump can be controlled so as to avoid a rapidebullition of entrapped air and possible loss of specimen.4.6 Thermometer,having a range from 0 to 60C,andgraduated in 0.1C divisions.4.7 Weighing Bottle,wide-mouth cylindrical glass(about 30mm in height and 70 mm in diameter),provided with aground-glass stopper.4.8 Immersion LiquidKerosine has been found to be agood wetting vehicle for most pigments,and shall be usedgenerally as the immersion liquid.Refined,white kerosine ofnarrow evaporation and boiling range shall be used.With some1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.Current edition approved Dec.1,2014.Published December 2014.Originallyapproved in 1923.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D153 84(2008).DOI:10.1520/D0153-84R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 pigments that are not wetted well with kerosine,other immer-sionliquidssuchasglycerin,ethyleneglycol,tetrahydronaphthalene,etc.,may be substituted.The liquidmust have a low evaporation rate and narrow boiling range,and the same procedure shall be followed as with kerosine.Water is not a preferred liquid because of the possibility offrothing.5.Hazards5.1 Before a desiccator is used for the first time,wrap it ina towel and test under an absolute pressure of under 3 mm.Exercise care in handling the desiccator when under vacuum,since a sudden jar may cause it to collapse.6.Standardization of Pycnometer6.1 Fill the pycnometer with freshly boiled water at 23 to24C,gradually bring