ASTM_D_2386_-_19.pdf

Designation:D238619Designation:16/15Standard Test Method forFreezing Point of Aviation Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2386;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tem-perature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form inaviation turbine fuels and aviation gasoline.If no crystalliza-tion point or freezing point can be measured,this test can beused to report the lowest measurable temperature reachedbefore the crystallization point.NOTE1The interlaboratory program that generated the precisions forthis test method did not include aviation gasoline.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements,see 5.4,Section 6,and 8.3.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation GasolinesD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of DistillateFuels(Withdrawn 2010)3D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometers2.2 Energy Institute Standard:IP Standards for Petroleum and Its Products IP 16/1543.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 freezing point,nin aviation fuels,the fuel tempera-ture at which solid hydrocarbon crystals,formed on cooling,disappear when the temperature of the fuel is allowed to riseunder specified conditions of test.3.1.2 crystallization point,nthe temperature at whichcrystals of hydrocarbons first appear when the test sample iscooled.4.Significance and Use4.1 The freezing point of an aviation fuel is the lowesttemperature at which the fuel remains free of solid hydrocar-bon crystals that can restrict the flow of fuel through filters ifpresent in the fuel system of the aircraft.The temperature of thefuel in the aircraft tank normally falls during flight dependingon aircraft speed,altitude,and flight duration.The freezingpoint of the fuel must always be lower than the minimumoperational tank temperature.4.2 Freezing point is a requirement in Specifications D910and D1655.5.Apparatus5.1 Jacketed Sample TubeA double-walled,unsilveredvessel,similar to a Dewar flask,the space between the inner1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved May 1,2019.Published June 2019.Originallyapproved in 1965.Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D2386 18.DOI:10.1520/D2386-19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Energy Institute,61 New Cavendish St.,London,WIG 7AR,U.K.,http:/www.energyinst.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 and outer tube walls being filled at atmospheric pressure withdry nitrogen or air.The mouth of the sample tube shall beclosed with a stopper supporting the thermometer andmoisture-proof collar through which the stirrer passes(Fig.1).A cork stopper is recommended.5.2 CollarsMoisture-proof collars as shown in Fig.2 shallbe used to prevent condensation