ASTM_D_1168_-_99_2003.pdf

Designation:D 1168 99(Reapproved 2003)An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forHydrocarbon Waxes Used for Electrical Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1168;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover a compendium of tests thatapply to mineral waxes of petroleum origin in general,butmore specifically to the so-called microcrystalline types usedas either electrical insulation or moisture-proofing mediums,orboth,for treating,impregnating,coating,and filling electricalapparatus.These test methods are also applicable to otherwaxes of natural or synthetic origin,provided that theircharacteristics are similar to those of the so-called microcrys-talline waxes.NOTE1There is no equivalent ISO or IEC standard.1.2 The values stated in SI units are the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specificprecautions,see Section 5.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 6 Test Method for Loss on Heating of Oil and AsphalticCompoundsD 70 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Density ofSemi-Solid Bituminous Materials(Pycnometer Method)D 87 Test Method for Melting Point of Petroleum Wax(Cooling Curve)D 88 Test Method for Saybolt ViscosityD 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD 94 Test Method for Saponification Number of PetroleumProductsD 127 Test Method for Drop Melting Point of PetroleumWax,Including PetrolatumD 176 Test Methods for Solid Filling and Treating Com-pounds Used for Electrical InsulationD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 937 Test Method for Cone Penetration of PetrolatumD 938 Test Method for Congealing Point of PetroleumWaxes,Including PetrolatumD 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD 1321 Test Method for Needle Penetration of PetroleumWaxesD 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts(ASTM Color Scale)D 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD 2161 Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity toSaybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol ViscosityE 28 Test Method for Softening Point of Resins Derivedfrom Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball Apparatus3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in these testmethods,refer to Terminology D 1711.4.Significance and Use4.1 The significance and use of the individual test methodsare to be found in the individual methods referenced.Forsignificance specifically applicable to electrical insulation ma-terials,refer to Test Methods D 176.5.Safety Precautions5.1 Ovens in which waxes are heated should have low-temperature heating elements,forced exhaust,and safety doorlatches to minimize the hazard of explosion of vapors.6.Test Methods6.1 Use the following methods for testing hydrocarbonwaxes as specified for the individual material:6.1.1 ColorTest Method D 1500.1These methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.01 on Electrical Insulating Varnishes,Powders,and Encapsu-lating Compounds.Current edition approved March 10,1999.Published June 1999.Originallyapproved in 1951.Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 1168 99.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.6.1.2 Melting and Softening Properties:6.1.2.1 Determine melting point by Test Method D 127.6.1.2.2 Determine softening point by the ring-and-ball TestMethod E 28.Make three measurements.If any measurementdiffers from the average by more than 1C,the significance ofthe test is doubtful.6.1.2.3 Use Test Method D 87 for melting point of waxeshaving a plateau in their cooling curve.6.1.2.4 Determine the congealing point by Test MethodD 938.(The test value will usually be lower than the meltingpoint determined by Test Method D 127.)6.1.3 Penetration:6.1.3.1 Use Test Method D 1321 for all but very soft waxes.6.1.3.2 Use Test Method D 937 for soft waxes below therange for Test Method D 1321.6.1.3.3 Report the test method used.6.1.4 Viscosity:6.1.4.1 Unless otherwise specified,measure Sa