ASTM_D_2273_-_08_2016.pdf

Designation:D227308(Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forTrace Sediment in Lubricating Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2273;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of traceamounts(less than 0.05%by volume)of sediment in lubricat-ing oils.Since oil-soluble material precipitated by the specifiedsolvent is not intended as part of the measured sediment,thetest method is not applicable in cases where precipitatedoil-soluble components will appreciably contribute to thesediment readings.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 trace sediment,nthe number of millilitres of sedi-ment precipitated from 100 mL of oil sample(volume percent)when equal parts of the oil sample and the specified solvent aremixed and centrifuged under the prescribed conditions.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test measures the trace level amount of sedimentthat is naphtha-insoluble and can be separated by centrifuging.Excessive amounts of sediment in oil could lead to systemmalfunction in critical applications.5.Apparatus5.1 Centrifuge,meeting all the safety requirements fornormal use and capable of whirling two or more filledcentrifuge tubes at a speed which can be controlled to give arelative centrifugal force(rcf)between 600 and 700 at the tipof the tubes.The revolving head,trunnion rings,and trunnioncups,including the rubber cushion,shall be soundly con-structed to withstand the maximum centrifugal force capable ofbeing delivered by the power source.The trunnion cups andcushions shall firmly support the tubes when the centrifuge isin motion.The centrifuge shall be enclosed by a metal shield orcase strong enough to eliminate danger if any breakage occurs.Calculate the speed of the rotating head as follows:rpm5 1337=rcf/d(1)where:rcf=relative centrifugal force,andd=diameter of swing,in millimetres,measured betweentips of opposite tubes when in rotating position.The relationship between the diameter swing,relative cen-trifugal force,and revolutions per minute is given in Table 1.5.2 Centrifuge Tube,cone-shaped,conforming to the di-mensions given in Fig.1,and made of thoroughly annealedglass.The graduations,numbered as shown in Fig.1,shall beclear and distinct,and the mouth shall be constructed in a shapesuitable for closure with a cork.Scale-error tolerances andsmallest graduations between various calibration marks aregiven in Table 2.Calibrated centrifuge tubes shall be purchasedfrom the manufacturer.6.Reagents6.1 Hexanes,reagent grade,minimum purity.(WarningExtremely flammable.Harmful if inhaled.)See also Note 1.NOTE1Reagent grade minimum purity hexanes are sometimesreferred to or sold by other names such as precipitation naphtha,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct.1,2016.Published November 2016.Originallyapproved in 1964.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2273 08(2012).DOI:10.1520/D2273-08R16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 petroleum naphtha,petroleum ether,ligroine,petroleum benzin,or indus-trial naphthas.NOTE2Before use,the hexanes should be free of any extraneousmaterial that might affect the final test readings.For this purpose,it shouldeither be filtered through a membrane filter or centrifuged several timesand decanted just prior to its use.7.Sampling7.1 Refer to Practice D4057(manual)or D4177(automatic)for recommended practices for obtaining samples.7.2 The sample shall be thoroughly representative of thematerial in question and the portion used for the test shall bethoroughly representative of the