ASTM_D_2228_-_04_2019.pdf

Designation:D222804(Reapproved 2019)Standard Test Method forRubber PropertyRelative Abrasion Resistance by PicoAbrader Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2228;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abra-sion resistance of vulcanized(thermoset)rubbers,thermoplas-tic elastomers,and elastomeric and similar materials to astandardized reference system.A standardized set of referencecompounds is used to calculate relative abrasion resistance.These reference compounds are also used to determine therelative performance,within a permissible range,of the cuttingknives used in performing the test.1.2 All materials,instruments,or equipment used for thedetermination of mass,force,or dimension shall have trace-ability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology,2or other internationally recognized organization parallel innature.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD3182 Practice for RubberMaterials,Equipment,and Pro-cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and PreparingStandard Vulcanized SheetsD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustries3.Summary of Test Method3.1 In this test method,a pair of tungsten carbide cuttingknives of a specified geometry and configuration are used toabrade the surface of the specimen.The knives are loweredonto a circular test specimen,or button,which is rotated undercontrolled conditions of speed,time,and force on the cuttingknives.A dusting powder is used as an interface between thecutting knives and the specimen to engulf the abraded rubberparticles and to maintain the cutting knives relatively free fromoils,resins,and the like,which may be present in the specimenand may interfere with the abrasion assessment.Aseries of fivecalibration compounds are used to determine that the sharpnessof the knives and hence,the calibration of the instrument,arewithin the specified limits,and additionally,as referencestandards to which the abrasion resistance,determined byvolumetric loss,of a subject material may be compared.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method may be used to estimate the relativeabrasion resistance of subject materials as described in 1.1.Nocorrelation between this accelerated test and service perfor-mance is given or implied,due,in part,to the widely varyingnature of service conditions.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand Rubber-like Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.15on Degradation Tests.Current edition approved Nov.1,2019.Published December 2019.Originallyapproved in 1963.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2228 04(2015).DOI:10.1520/D2228-04R19.2Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST),100Bureau Dr.,Stop 3460,Gaithersburg,MD 20899-3460.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 4.2 The formulas,for which the mixing and curing specifi-cations are given in Annex A1,once prepared,are referred toas calibration compounds.These calibration compounds maybe used to determine the performance status of the cuttingknives as described in this test method.4.3 The performance of the cutting knives may also bede