ASTM_D_2207_-_00_2015.pdf

Designation:D220700(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forBursting Strength of Leather by the Ball Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2207;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the burst-ing strength of leather by the ball method.It may be used to testa large variety of leathers and leather products.It is particularlyapplicable to light-and medium-weight leathers,such as shoeuppers and garments.This test method does not apply to wetblue.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1517 Terminology Relating to LeatherD1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-ucts for TestingD1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of LeatherTest SpecimensD2209 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of leather terms used in this standardrefer to Terminology D1517.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The leather specimen is mounted in the ball burst fixturewhich is attached to a testing machine,as described in TestMethod D2209.The machine is operated at a jaw separation of4 6 1 in./min.The maximum load registered is recorded.Thebursting strength in lb/in.of thickness is calculated by dividingthe bursting load by the thickness of the specimen.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is designed to measure the burstingstrength of leather by measuring the force required to force aspherical ended plunger through a piece of leather.Thebursting load and extension will be generally proportional tothe diameter of the plunger.This test method is suitable fordevelopment,control and service evaluation of the leather.There is good correlation between bursting strength and tensilestrength.This test method may not apply when the conditionsof the test employed differ widely from those specified in thetest method.6.Apparatus6.1 Testing Machine,as described in Test Method D2209.NOTE1The machine shall have a cross-head speed of 4 6 1 in./min(1.6 6 0.4 mm/s).6.2 Thickness GageAdead-mass type of thickness gage asdescribed in Test Method D1813.6.3 Burst Tester,3as shown in Fig.1.The diameter of theball or plunger shall be14in.(0.250 in.(6.4 mm).6.4 Parts Required to Modify Burst Tester,as illustrated inFig.2,or equivalent.6.5 Die,Knife,or Shears,for cutting the test specimen.6.6 Dial Gage,mounted on the burst tester as shown in Fig.1 to measure the height of the extension of the leatherspecimen.NOTE2This gage shall be calibrated to read directly to the nearest0.001 in.(0.025 mm).It shall be equipped with a flat anvil and presserfoot.6.7 Autographic Recorder to record the extension to thenearest 0.1 in.(2.5 mm).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 onPhysical Properties Thistest method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather ChemistsAssn.(Standard Method E14 1965).Current edition approved May 1,2015.Published July 2015.Originally approvedin 1964.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2207 00(2010).DOI:10.1520/D2207-00R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3A modified Scott Model W Burst Tester has been found satisfactory for thispurpose.Available from Precision Scientific,3737 W.Cortland,Chicago,IL 60647.Request Ball Burst Fixture Catalog,No.26651.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 7.Test Specimen7.1 The test specimen shall be a disk of leather at least 1.75in.(44.5 mm)in diameter.7.2 A strip of leather between 1.75 and 6 in.(44.5 and 152mm)wide may be used for a test specimen.Two tests shall berun on each strip.NOTE3When tests are made on a strip of leather,the clamping areascan be overlapped so that tests can be made with a minimum distance of1.25 in.(31.8 mm)between bursts.8.Conditioning8.1 All specimens shall be conditioned in accordance withPractice D1610.Conditioning other than that prescribed shallbe noted in the resu