ASTM_D_1316_-_20.pdf

Designation:D131620Standard Test Method forFineness of Grind of Printing Inks By the NPIRIGrindometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1316;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determin-ing the fineness of grind of printing inks using a NPIRIGrindometer.It evaluates the size of the largest particles in afinished dispersion but not average particle size or concentra-tion of sizes.1.2 This test method covers both manual and automaticdrawdowns using an A1 scraper.1.3 This test method is applicable to any dispersion that isfine enough to fall within the 0 to 25 m range of the specifiedgrind gauge.With a minor variation in procedure,it isapplicable to both paste(nonvolatile)and liquid(volatile)inks.NOTE1The 0 to 25 m gauge specified in this test method is similarin principle to the 0 to 100 m Hegman gauge described in Test MethodD1210 and the various gauges described in ISO 1524:2000.Sieve analysisfor concentration of particles above 45 m is covered in Test MethodD2067.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type GageD2067 Test Method for Coarse Particles in Printing InkDispersionsD6846 Practice for Preparing Prints of Paste Printing Inkswith a Printing GageE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 1524:2000 Paints,varnishes and printing inks Deter-mination of fineness of grind3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 fineness of grind,na measure of the size andprevalence of oversize particles in a printing ink dispersion.3.1.2 NPIRI grind unit(gu),nthe distance equal to 2.5 mor 0.1 mils on a grind gauge.3.1.3 scratch,na depression at least 10 mm in length inthe surface of a grind gauge drawdown.3.1.3.1 DiscussionA scratch develops when a particle(oragglomerate)is trapped between the blade and the bottom ofthe path and is drawn along by the blade.3.1.4 speckle,nprotuberance of particles above the sur-face of a grind gauge drawdown.3.1.4.1 DiscussionSpeckles occur at gauge depths greaterthan those at which scratches occur and are caused by oversizeparticles that are not hard enough or of the proper size toproduce scratches.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method utilizes a NPIRI Grindometer havingtwo precision machined grooves each 25.4 mm(1 in.)wide andwith a 0 to 25 m(0 to 1 mil)taper.The test specimen is drawndown the paths slowly if a nonvolatile(paste)ink,briskly if avolatile(liquid)ink.The drawdowns are examined for the scale1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.Current edition approved June 1,2020.Published June 2020.Originallyapproved in 1954.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1316 06(2011)which was withdrawn January 2020 and reinstated in June 2020.DOI:10.1520/D1316-20.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),ISOCentral Secretariat,BIBC II,Chemin de Blandonnet 8,CP 401,1214 Vernier,Geneva,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.readings at which four and ten scratches appear and at which apreponderance of speckles disappear.Asingle determination offineness of grind requires readings from four