ASTM_D_1242_-_95a.pdf

Designation:D 1242 95aStandard Test Methods forResistance of Plastic Materials to Abrasion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1242;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of theresistance to abrasion of flat surfaces of plastic materials,measured in terms of volume loss,by two different types ofabrasion-testing machines,as follows:1.1.1 Test Method ALoose abrasive,and1.1.2 Test Method BBonded abrasive on cloth or paper(abrasive tape).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.NOTE1There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and ElectricalInsulating Materials for Testing2D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics2D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-rials3D 4805 Terminology of Plastics Standards4E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-poses53.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of technical terms pertain-ing to plastics used in these test methods,see TerminologyD 883 or Terminology D 4805.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 resistance to abrasionthe ability of a material towithstand mechanical action such as rubbing,scraping,orerosion,that tends progressively to remove material from itssurface.4.Significance and Use4.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of plasticmaterials is very complex.The resistance to abrasion isaffected by many factors such as the physical properties of thepolymeric material,particularly hardness,resilience,and thetype and degree of added filler such as cellulose fiber orpigment.Resistance to abrasion is also affected by conditionsof the test,such as the nature of the abradant,action of theabradant over the area of the specimen abraded,and develop-ment and dissipation of heat during the test cycle.4.2 Although laboratory measurement of the resistance toabrasion of a given material may be closely allied,in someinstances,to material quality,results should not be used as anabsolute index of ultimate life,particularly in view of variedend-use applications.Correlation of laboratory abrasion datawith end-use performance depends upon the ability to assessthose actions in service which affect durability,and it is for thisreason that many different types of testing machines have beenemployed.Results from machines such as those described inthese test methods are of value chiefly in the development ofmaterials,and should not be used without qualification as abasis for commercial comparisons.4.3 The procedures described in these test methods havebeen prepared in an attempt to standardize methods of test usedfor measuring abrasion resistance of plastic materials.It isbelieved that the standardization of such test methods,plus theaddition of new test methods as developed,and subsequentchoice of that test method most closely simulating serviceconditions,will provide a means of measuring durability ofplastic materials for a given application.These test methodshave been prepared in an attempt to attain these objectives.4.4 For many materials,there may be a specification thatrequires the use of these test methods,but with some proce-dural modifications that take precedence when adhering to thespecification.Therefore,it is advisable to refer to that material1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 onPlastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on MechanicalProperties.Current edition approved Nov.10,1995.Published January 1996.Originallypublished as D 1242 52 T.Last previous edition D 1242 95.This edition includes the addition of an ISO equivalency statement.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 08.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 08.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 08.03.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.specification before using these test methods.Table 1 ofClassification System D 4000 lists the ASTM materials stan-dards that currently exist.TEST METHOD ALOOSE ABRASIVE65.Apparatus5.1 The apparatus shown in Fig.17shall consist of thefollowing:a rotating disk,a specimen-mounting plate holder,acam arrangement for actuating th