ASTM_D_2093_-_03_2011.pdf

Designation:D209303(Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forPreparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to AdhesiveBonding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2093;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice describes surface preparations for plasticadherends,to be used prior to adhesive bonding of testspecimens.It should be noted,however,that this practicespecifies only the pretreating conditions of the plastic and doesnot cover the preparation of test specimens,testing conditions,or evaluation of tests.These are covered in the various ASTMtest methods or specifications for specific materials.1.2 Physical Treatments(for example,sanding and solventwiping)are used in order to remove the glossy finish and alltraces of dirt,grease,mold release,or other contaminants fromthe bonding surfaces.1.3 Chemical Treatments(for example,sulfuric aciddichromate solution and sodium naphthalene complex)areused in some cases to alter chemically the surface layers of thepolymer itself to improve its adhesion characteristics.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 6.1.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D897 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Adhesive BondsD903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe-sive BondsD905 Test Method for Strength Properties of AdhesiveBonds in Shear by Compression LoadingD907 Terminology of AdhesivesD950 Test Method for Impact Strength of Adhesive BondsD952 Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of SheetPlastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-sion Loading(Metal-to-Metal)D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3807 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives inCleavage Peel by Tension Loading(Engineering Plastics-to-Engineering Plastics)3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms are defined in TerminologyD907.4.Significance and Use4.1 This practice is useful for reducing some of the surfacevariability of plastics(due to differences in manufacturingmethods)that might otherwise cause excessive variation in theresults of ASTM test methods designed to measure adhesion.The treatments specified are convenient for laboratory work.4.2 This practice is not necessarily designed to provideoptimum adhesion to the surfaces and the treatments specifiedmay not always be practical for industrial use.4.3 This practice does not address all of the surface prepa-ration methods available;nor does this practice cite all of thetypes or classes of plastics currently available.4.4 This practice is used as a starting point for evaluatingsurface preparation techniques for plastic adherends prior toadhesive bonding.5.Apparatus5.1 Abrasive,Aluminum Oxide,320 grit,free of waxes,lubricants,or other potential contaminants.5.2 Glass Dish,borosilicate,of appropriate dimensions,inwhich to heat the sulfuric acid-dichromate solution.5.3 Hot Plate to provide a source for heating the acid.5.4 Cotton Cloths,lint-free,clean,white,or non-lintingpaper wipers.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesivesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives for Plastics.Current edition approved Jan.1,2011.Published January 2011.Originallyapproved in 1962.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2093 03.DOI:10.1520/D209303R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.5 Tongs,stainless steel.6.Pretreating Liquids6.1 Sodium Naphthalene SolutionSodium naphthalene so-lutions are commercially available.3When not in use,keep thesolution in a tightly-closed glass container to exclude air andmoisture.(WarningExercise extreme care in preparing,handling,and disposing of both the sulfuric acid-dichromatesolution and the sodium naphthalene solution since these arehazardous materials.)6.2 SolventsUse reagent grade solvents free of any con-taminants such as dirt,grease,etc.,for cleaning specimens.6.3 SulfuricAcid-DichromateSolution(see7.1.1)Dissolve 75 g of potassium dichromate(K2Cr2O7)in120 g of cle