ASTM_D_1217_-_20.pdf

Designation:D121720Standard Test Method forDensity and Relative Density(Specific Gravity)of Liquids byBingham Pycnometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1217;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the densityof pure hydrocarbons or petroleum distillates boiling between90 C and 110 C that can be handled in a normal fashion as aliquid at the specified test temperatures of 20 C and 25 C.1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure forthe conversion of density to relative density(specific gravity).1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can causeserious medical issues.Mercury,or its vapor,has been dem-onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containingproducts.See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet(SDS)for additional information.The potential exists that sellingmercury or mercury-containing products,or both,is prohibitedby local or national law.Users must determine legality of salesin their location.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4052 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 density,nmass per unit volume at a specifiedtemperature.D40523.1.2 relative density,nthe ratio of the density of amaterial at a stated temperature to the density of water at astated temperature.D40524.Summary of Test Method4.1 The liquid sample is introduced into a pycnometer,equilibrated to the desired temperature,and weighed.Therelative density(specific gravity)or density is then calculatedfrom this weight and the previously determined weight ofwater that is required to fill the pycnometer at the sametemperature,both weights being corrected for the buoyancy ofair.5.Significance and Use5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property which can beused in conjunction with other properties to characterize purehydrocarbons and their mixtures.5.2 This test method was originally developed for thedetermination of the density of the ASTM Knock Test Refer-ence Fuels n-heptane and isooctane,with an accuracy of0.00003 g/mL.Although it is no longer employed extensivelyfor this purpose,this test method is useful whenever accuratedensities of pure hydrocarbons or petroleum fractions withboiling points between 90 C and 110 C are required.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.Current edition approved May 1,2020.Published May 2020.Originallyapproved in 1952.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D1217 15.DOI:10.1520/D1217-20.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.6.Apparatus6.1 Pycnometer,Bingham-type,conforming to the dimen-sions given in Fig.1,constructed of borosilicate glass,andhaving a total weight not exceeding 30 g.6.2 Constant-Temperature Bath,provided with suitable py-cnometer holders or clips and means for maintaining tempera-tures constant to 60