ASTM_D_2697_-_22.pdf

Designation:D269722Standard Test Method forVolume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2697;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method is believed to be applicable to thedetermination of the volume of nonvolatile matter of a varietyof coatings.An interlaboratory study to establish the precisionof this test method included a water-reducible exterior latexpaint and three automotive coatings that included a solvent-reducible primer surfacer,water reducible primer surfacer,water reducible enamel topcoat,and acrylic dispersion lacquertopcoat.Earlier collaborative studies included a gloss enamel,a flat wall paint,a gloss house enamel,an industrial bakingenamel,an interior latex paint,and an exterior latex paint.Thismethod does not apply to radiation curable materials orpigmented coatings.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings,Inks,and Related ProductsD2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented CoatingsD3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint andRelated Materials(Withdrawn 1998)3D5403 Test Methods for Volatile Content of Radiation Cur-able Materials3.Summary of Test Method3.1 The weight and volume of a stainless steel disk is to bedetermined;after the disk is coated with the material beingtested.The weight and volume of the disk plus dried coating isdetermined by weighing in air and then by weighing in a liquidof known density.The volume being equal to the quotient ofthe weight loss of the coated disk(due to the Archimedesbuoyancy effect)divided by the density of the liquid displaced.The liquid may be water,organic liquid such as low-solvencymineral spirits or kerosine,or with special modifications notcovered specifically in this method,mercury.The choice ofliquid depends upon the nature of the coating tested.NOTE1Distilled water is suitable for most paints.Exceptions arecoatings that contain ingredients that are readily leached out of the dryfilm by the water and low-gloss coatings,the surface of which is poorlywet by water even with surfactant added.(Note 2)Low-solvencyhydrocarbon solvent(KB below 36)is also practical for most paints andis preferred by some workers.4It is considered to be particularly good forpaint films not readily wet by water.Analogously,organic solvents mustnot be used if the coating to be tested contains ingredients that will bedissolved readily by the solvent.Lacquers containing monomeric plasti-cizers would be examples where hydrocarbon solvents should definitelynot be used.Coatings formulated much above the CPVC present a specialproblem,where mercury might be the desired“suspending”liquid(Note3),and for solvent-reducible paints hydrocarbon solvent might be consid-ered the poorest(unless it is the objective to obtain values closer to“theoretical”spaces between pigment particles not filled with binder,becoming partially filled with solvent during the test).NOTE2Concentration of surfactant must be kept very low or literaturevalues for the density of the water cannot be used.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved July 1,2022.Published July 2022.Originally approvedin 1968.Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D2697 03(2021).DOI:10.1520/D2697-22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Bissey,J.E.,Offcial Digest,Federation of Paint