ASTM_D_3941_-_20.pdf

Designation:D394120Standard Test Method forFlash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-CupApparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3941;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONTest Methods D56 and D93 describe procedures using the Tag Closed Tester and the Pensky-Martens Tester,respectively.Both test methods depend on a definite rate of temperature increase tocontrol the precision of the test method.The rate of heating may not in all cases give the accuracyexpected because of low thermal conductivity of certain materials.To reduce this effect,ISO/TC 35,Paints and Varnishes,and ISO/TC 28,Petroleum Products and Lubricants,have issued ISO 1523 inwhich the heating rate is considerably slower.This test method is similar to ISO 1523,but usesstandard ASTM cups,style,and format.Due to the slower heating rate,the time required to make adetermination of a flash point is considerably longer than for Test Methods D56 and D93 but theaccuracy is improved.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flashpoint of liquids in which the specimen and the air/vapormixture above it are approximately in temperature equilibrium.1.2 This test method is limited to a temperature range from0 to 110C(32 to 230F).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 WarningMercury has been designated by many regu-latory agencies as a hazardous substance that can causeserious medical issues.Mercury,or its vapor,has beendemonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials.Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products.See the applicable product Safety DataSheet(SDS)for additional information.The potential existsthat selling mercury or mercury-containing products,or both,is prohibited by local or national law.Users must determinelegality of sales in their location.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials,products,or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions,but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials,products,or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE1137 Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Ther-mometers1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved June 1,2020.Published June 2020.Originallyapproved in 1980.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D3941 14.DOI:10.1520/D3941-20.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision LiquidsE2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers2.2 ISO Standard:ISO1523 Paints,varnishes,petroleum,andrelatedproductsDetermination of flash pointClosed cupequilibrium method33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 flash point,nthe lowest temperature corrected to apressure of 760 mm Hg(101.3 kPa)(1013 millibars)at whichapplication of an ignition source causes the vapor of thespecimen to ignite under spe