ASTM_D_2684_-_D_2684M_-_15.pdf

Designation:D2684/D2684M15Standard Test Method forPermeability of Thermoplastic Containers to PackagedReagents or Proprietary Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2684/D2684M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining thepermeability of thermoplastic containers to packaged reagentsor proprietary products under specified conditions of exposure.The exposures used are intended to simulate the normal andelevated temperature-storage conditions that might be encoun-tered in end-use application.1.2 This test method is applicable only to those types ofcontainers designed to allow positive,leakproof closure.1.3 Two procedures are provided:1.3.1 Procedure A is specific to testing only with a standarddesign container.This procedure provides for determinationsof rate of weight loss(or gain)and for calculation of apermeability factor.1.3.2 Procedure B applies to tests of all other containerdesigns.Permeability data by this procedure are expressed onlyin terms of rate of weight loss(or gain)for the particularcontainer tested.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.NOTE1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding andExtrusion MaterialsD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 permeability factor,Ptthe permeability of a givenplastic to a given product at temperature t,in degrees Celsius,expressed in units of gcm/daym2,as determined by ProcedureA.The permeability factor under 23C test conditions,forexample,is signified by the notation P23.3.1.1.1 DiscussionDetermination of Ptis based on anaveraged wall thickness over the entire area of the containerand an assumption that permeation rate is inversely propor-tional to the thickness.Precaution in the extent of allowablevariations of these factors is recommended,and the user of Ptneeds to recognize that wall thickness of the containers varies,that the estimate of average thickness from density,area,andweight is not exact,and that permeability of the productthrough the plastic material is,generally,not directly propor-tional to the thickness.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Test bottles are filled with the test product and,aftersealing,are exposed at 23C 73.4F and 50C 122Fconditions for 28 days or longer.Measurements of weight aremade at intervals to determine the average rate of weightchange.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film,Sheeting,andMolded Products.Current edition approved Sept.1,2015.Published September 2015.Originallyapproved in 1968.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2684-10.DOI:10.1520/D2684_D2684M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Significance and Use5.1 With the proper precautions and background experience,results can be useful for estimation of the loss of a packagedproduct through the walls of a container during shelf storage.The test is also useful for isolating the effects of a containerdesign and materials,and is applicable for development andresearch and for specification purposes.5.2 In the absence of adequate supporting data,extrapola-tions or correlations of results to conditions beyond those of thetest are not recommended because of possible productalteration,solvency,or chemical effects on the plastic,etc.5.3 Before proceeding with this test method,refer to thespecification of the material being tested.Any test specimenpreparation,conditioning,dimensions,or testing parameters,orcombination thereof,covered in th