ASTM_D_2669_-_16.pdf

Designation:D266916Standard Test Method forApparent Viscosity of Petroleum Waxes Compounded withAdditives(Hot Melts)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2669;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the appar-ent viscosity of petroleum waxes compounded with additives(hot melts).It applies to fluid hot melts having apparentviscosities up to about 20 Pas at temperatures up to 175 C(347 F).NOTE1For petroleum waxes and their blends having low apparentviscosities,below about 15 mPas,Test Method D445,is especiallyapplicable.1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as thestandard.1.2.1 ExceptionAlternative units in parentheses are forinformation purposes only.NOTE2One Pascal second(Pas)=1000 centipoises(cP).One milli-Pascal second(mPas)=1 centipoise(cgs units).1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system,kidney and liver damage.Mercury,orits vapor,may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials.Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products.See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)for details and EPAswebsitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor addi-tional information.Users should be aware that selling mercuryand/or mercury containing products into your state or countrymay be prohibited by law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids(and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 viscosity,nthe ratio of shear stress to shear rate.Viscosity of a liquid is a measure of the internal friction of theliquid in motion.The unit of dynamic viscosity is the Pascalsecond.For a Newtonian liquid,the viscosity is constant at allshear rates.For a non-Newtonian liquid,viscosity will varydepending on shear rate.3.1.2 viscosity,apparent,nthe viscosity determined bythis method,expressed in Pascal seconds.Its value may varywith the spindle and rotational speed selected because manyhot melts are non-Newtonian.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Approximately 800 g of sample are melted on a hotplate or in an oven.An 800 mLglass container is filled with themelted sample to a level of about 25 mm(1 in.)from its topand placed in a temperature bath.The viscometer,withattached spindle and guard,is positioned in the test specimen.Stirring is begun and continued while the temperature of thesample is brought to slightly above the highest desired testtemperature.Heating is discontinued and stirring is maintaineduntil the sample cools to the chosen temperature.At this time,stirring is stopped and the apparent viscosity is determined.Additional determinations are made over a range of tempera-tures as the sample cools.Results of temperature and apparent1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties.Current edition approved June 1,2016.Published July 2016.Originally approvedin 1967.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2669 06(2012)1.DOI:10.1520/D2669-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 viscosity determinations are plotted on semilog paper,andvalues at any particular temperature are determined from thecurve.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test distinguishes between hot melts having differ-ent apparent viscosities.It is believed that apparent viscositydetermined by this procedure is related to flow performance inapplication machinery operating under conditions of low shearrate.Apparent viscosity as determined by this method may notcorrelate well with end use applications where high shear ratesare encountered.5.2 Materials of the type described in this procedure may bequite non-Newtonian and as such the apparent viscosity will bea function of shear rate under the conditions of test.Althoughthe viscometer described in this test generally operates underconditions of relatively low shear rate,di