ASTM_D_2228_-_04_2015.pdf

Designation:D222804(Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forRubber PropertyRelative Abrasion Resistance by PicoAbrader Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2228;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abra-sion resistance of vulcanized(thermoset)rubbers,thermoplas-tic elastomers,and elastomeric and similar materials to astandardized reference system.A standardized set of referencecompounds is used to calculate relative abrasion resistance.These reference compounds are also used to determine therelative performance,within a permissible range,of the cuttingknives used in performing the test.1.2 All materials,instruments,or equipment used for thedetermination of mass,force,or dimension shall have trace-ability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology,2or other internationally recognized organization parallel innature.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD3182 Practice for RubberMaterials,Equipment,and Pro-cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and PreparingStandard Vulcanized SheetsD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustries3.Summary of Test Method3.1 In this test method,a pair of tungsten carbide cuttingknives of a specified geometry and configuration are used toabrade the surface of the specimen.The knives are loweredonto a circular test specimen,or button,which is rotated undercontrolled conditions of speed,time,and force on the cuttingknives.A dusting powder is used as an interface between thecutting knives and the specimen to engulf the abraded rubberparticles and to maintain the cutting knives relatively free fromoils,resins,and the like,which may be present in the specimenand may interfere with the abrasion assessment.Aseries of fivecalibration compounds are used to determine that the sharpnessof the knives and hence,the calibration of the instrument,arewithin the specified limits,and additionally,as referencestandards to which the abrasion resistance,determined byvolumetric loss,of a subject material may be compared.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method may be used to estimate the relativeabrasion resistance of subject materials as described in 1.1.Nocorrelation between this accelerated test and service perfor-mance is given or implied,due,in part,to the widely varyingnature of service conditions.4.2 The formulas,for which the mixing and curing specifi-cations are given in Annex A1,once prepared,are referred toas calibration compounds.These calibration compounds maybe used to determine the performance status of the cuttingknives as described in this test method.4.3 The performance of the cutting knives may also bedetermined by periodically determining their dimensions asdescribed in 6.1.7.4.4 The calibration compounds are used as reference stan-dards to which the abrasion resistance,determined by volumeloss of a subject material,may be compared.4.5 Once the resistance to abrasion is established,using thismethodology,for a specific material,the results achieved may1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.15 on Degradation Tests.Current edition approved July 1,2009.Published September 2009.Originallyapproved in 1963.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2228 041.DOI:10.1520/D2228-04R09.2Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST),100Bureau Dr.,Stop 3460,Gaithersburg,MD 20899-3460.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 be used as a basis for future comparative analysis of identicalmaterials,either as agreed upon between laboratories,orbetween customer and supplier.5.Interference5.1 This test method is conducted under controlledconditions,except for the sharpness of the cutting knives.Thebehavior of the materials,as described in 1.1,yi