ASTM_D_3525_-_20.pdf

Designation:D352520Standard Test Method forGasoline Fuel Dilution in Used Gasoline Engine Oils byWide-Bore Capillary Gas Chromatography1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3525;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method describes a gas chromatographic tech-nique for determining the amount of gasoline fuel dilution inused lubricating oils arising from their use in gasoline engines.1.2 This test method is limited to gas chromatographsaccommodating wide-bore(0.53 mm)capillary columns andthat are equipped with flame ionization detectors(FIDs)andtemperature programmable ovens.1.3 There is no limitation regarding the fuel dilution con-centration range that can be determined by this method,however the precision statements apply only to the concentra-tion range of 0.5%to 20.3%gasoline.A reporting limit of0.5%gasoline fuel dilution has also been included in themethod.1.4 Lubricating fluids recovered from engine crankcaseshave undergone changes due to heating,volatilization,sheering,oxidation and other reactions,and,as a result,thechromatographic profiles of the gasoline diluents and engineoils often differ significantly from their original patterns.Caution is accordingly advised when comparing quantitativedeterminations made using new verses used or in-servicematerials.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-shipsE594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Usedin Gas or Supercritical Fluid ChromatographyE1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open TubularCapillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definition of gas chromatography terms,refer toPractice E355.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fuel diluent,nin used oil analysis,unburned fuelcomponents that enter the engine crankcase causing dilution ofthe oil.3.2.1.1 DiscussionIn this method,the fuel diluent compo-nents being determined originate from gasoline.3.2.2 fuel dilution,nthe amount,expressed as apercentage,of gasoline found in engine lubricating oil.3.2.2.1 DiscussionFuel dilution may be the result ofengine wear or improper performance.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 Acommon abbreviation of hydrocarbon compounds isto designate the number of carbon atoms in the compound.Aprefix is used to indicate the carbon chain form,while asubscripted suffix denotes the number of carbon atoms.Example:normal hexadecanen-C16iso-tetradecanei-C144.Summary of Test Method4.1 A gas chromatographic technique is described for ana-lyzing used engine oils by adding a known amount of1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved June 15,2020.Published July 2020.Originallyapproved in 1976.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D3525 04(2016).DOI:10.1520/D3525-20.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.n-hexadecane(n-C16)as an internal standard(ISTD),in orderto determine the weight percent of gasoline fuel in thelubricating oil.Samples are chromatographed under the con-ditions described in this method,which separate and detect thegasoline diluent,internal standard,and engine oil peaks,anddisplays them in the result