ASTM_D_2422_-_97_2013.pdf

Designation:D242297(Reapproved 2013)Standard Classification ofIndustrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2422;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This classification is applicable to all petroleum-basefluid lubricants and to those nonpetroleum materials whichmay be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desiredviscosity,that is,lubricants for bearings,gears,compressorcylinders,hydraulic fluids,etc.1.2 This classification is applicable to fluids ranging inkinematic viscosity from 2 to 3200 cSt(mm2/s)as measured ata reference temperature of 40C.In the category of petroleum-base fluids,this covers the range from kerosine to heavycylinder oils.1.3 Fluids of either lesser or greater viscosity than the rangedescribed in 1.2 are,at present,seldom used as industriallubricants.Should industrial practices change,then this system,based on a mathematical series of numbers,may be extended toretain its orderly progression.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for LiquidPetroleum Products2.2 SAE Standard:3J 300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification2.3 ISO Standard:4ISO 3448 Industrial Liquid LubricantsISO Viscosity Clas-sification3.Significance and Use3.1 This classification establishes a series of definite viscos-ity levels so that lubricant suppliers,lubricant users,andequipment designers will have a uniform and common basis fordesignating,specifying,or selecting the viscosity of industrialfluid lubricants.3.2 This classification is used to eliminate unjustified inter-mediate viscosities,thereby reducing the total number ofviscosity grades used in the lubrication of industrial equipment.3.3 This system provides a suitable number of viscositygrades,a uniform reference temperature,a uniform viscositytolerance,and a nomenclature system for identifying theviscosity characteristics of each grade.3.4 This system implies no evaluation of lubricant qualityand applies to no property of a fluid other than its viscosity atthe reference temperature.It does not apply to those lubricantsused primarily with automotive equipment and identified withan SAE number.4.Basis of Classification4.1 Twenty viscosity grades are given in Table 1.4.2 Each grade shall be designated by its nominal viscosityat 40C.4.3 The permissible variance in viscosity of each grade shallbe as shown in the two right-hand columns of Table 1.Theselimits are based upon a 610%deviation from the mathemati-cal values which were used as the basis of construction of thissystem.4.4 The lubricant supplier may choose to exert a manufac-turing control on a given product that is closer than this 610%tolerance.It is to be understood that any different percentagevariation that he uses will still guarantee maximum andminimum values that are not outside the limits of the standardviscosity grade limits.However,the lubricant purchaser or theequipment designer shall not normally specify control closerthan the maximum and minimums established herein for agiven grade.Any exception to this rule shall be handled outsidethe scope of this system and on a direct consumer-supplierrelationship.1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.L0.11 on Tribiological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricates.Current edition approved May 1,2013.Published August 2013.Originallyapproved in 1965.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2422 97(2007).DOI:10.1520/D2422-97R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from SAE International(SAE),400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,PA 15096-0001,http:/www.sae.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Adoption of System5.1 Adoption of this viscosity system is to be voluntary onthe part of all persons or organizations.The system will beeffective only if used widely by designers,producers,andconsumers.There is nothing to prohibit use of a viscosity gradenot listed in the system if the producer and consumer mutuallyagree.It may be expected,however,that viscosity grades not inaccordance with this classification will be less readily availableto the purchaser than t