ASTM_D_2402_-_07_2018.pdf

Designation:D240207(Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forWater Retention of Textile Fibers(Centrifuge Procedure)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2402;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of waterretention of man-made and natural fibers as staple,tow,orfilament and spun yarns.It is intended to give a measure of theamount of water which cannot be removed from thoroughlywetted fiber solely by mechanical means as applied by cen-trifugal force(see 3.2).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific precautionary statements,see Section 9.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of TextilesD2258/D2258M Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,Sliver,or Tow for TestingD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers3.Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58,Yarns andFibers,refer to Terminology D4849.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:moisture pick-up,water retention.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles,refer toTerminology D123.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is thoroughly wetted-out by immersion,centrifuged for 5 min at an acceleration of 9800 m/s2andweighed wet.Then,the wet specimen is dried and reweighed.Water retention is calculated and reported as a percentage ofthe dry mass.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method for testing for water retention of fibersafter centrifuging is not recommended for acceptance testing ofcommercial shipments because the test is more appropriate fordevelopment and research.However,if the test is to be used foracceptance testing,comparative tests as described in 5.1.1 areadvised.5.1.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results using Test Method D2402 for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments,the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if statisti-cal biases exist between their laboratories.As a minimum,thetwo parties should take a group of test specimens that are ashomogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material ofthe type in question.The test specimens should then berandomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory fortesting.The average results from the two laboratories should becompared using the Students t-test for unpaired data with anacceptable probability level chosen by the two parties whiledesigning the test program.If the analysis shows a bias,itscause must be found and corrected,or the purchaser andsupplier must agree to interpret future test data with consider-ation for the known bias.5.2 The amount of water retained by a fiber mass increaseswith an increase in the hydrophilic tendency of the fiber.Thusthe data obtained can be used to indicate the following:5.2.1 Differences in water retention between the variousman-made and natural fibers,5.2.2 Degree of cross-linking in cellulosic fibers,5.2.3 Damage incurred by wool and silk fibers due toalkaline processing,and5.2.4 Persistence of water-repellent treatments.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved July 1,2018.Published July 2018.Originally approvedin 1965T Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2402 07(2012).DOI:10.1520/D2402-07R18.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 6.Apparatus6.1 Stationary Coarse Comb3,appr