ASTM_D_2353_-_83_scan.pdf

ASTM D2353 83.I 0757530 0025223 2.I .,.,.-._-.-.e.4-0 4-79.-1-E.-.-.Designation:D 2353-83 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race St.,Philadelphia,Pa.19103 Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Copyright ASTM If not listed in the current combined index,will appear in the next edition.Standard Test Method for FLOW RATINGS OF ORGANIC COATINGS USING THE SHELL FLOW COMPARATOR This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2353:the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last rehion or reapproval.1.Scope 1.1 This method covers the determination of the flow rating,in terms of flow-outcharacteris-tics or degree of film smoothness,of an organic film applied to a flat substrate.1.2 The method is applicable to all organic coatings capable of providing a recognizable re-flected image when applied to a plane substrate.2.Applicable Documents 2.1 ASTMSrandards:D 823 Methods for Producing Films of Uni-form Thickness of Paint,Varnish,Lacquer,and Related Products on Test Panels2 D 1005 Method for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Organic Coatings2 D 1 186 Method for Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings A p plied to a Ferrous Base,Nondestructive2 3.Summary of Method 3.1 This test method is based on a compara-tive visual observation between a sample panel and a series of standard flow panels which vary in film smoothness.3.2 The coating to be evaluated is sprayed on a 6 by 12411,(150 by 300-mm)glass panel and dried.In the case of clear coatings,such as un-pigmented varnishes,shellacs,and lacquers,the coating is applied to a blackbacked glass test panel to provide a reflective surface.The coated test panel is then compared with a set of ten flow standards numbered from 1 to 10 and is given the numencal rating that corresponds most closely to one of the flow standards.4.Significance and Use 4.1 How,or film smoothness,can be de-scribed as the degree of levelness of an organic-;5 film applied to a substrate,If the surface is very smooth and plane it behaves as a mirror and reflects undistorted images.Conversely,if the film is wavy because of orange peel or other irregularities it will reflect distorted images.The degree of distortion of a relected image from a paint panel is the basis for the flow determination described.It is an important factor used in deter-mining whether the coating is suitable for the application determined by both the producer and the user.5.Interference 5.1 Gloss describes the property of a surface to reflect light specularly and may be responsible for influencing an observers judgment of flow.High gloss coatings give bright reflected images.The observer should disregard glossiness and look only for distortion of the reflected image.6.Apparatus 6.1 Shell Flow Comparator(Figs.1,2,and 3)(Notes 1 and 2),equipped with a set of ten fixed flow standards and a light source over a series of letter Es of various sizes arranged to project onto the standard flow panels.The flow stand-ards consist of nine lacquered panels and one clear glass panel representing gradations in flow from 1,which represents very poor flow,to 10,which represents perfect flow(plate giass,black lacquered on back).The flow standards are This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Com-mittee D-1 on Paint and Related Coatings and Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee W1.55 on Factory-Applied Coatings on Preformed Products,Current edition approved Oct.28,1983.Published December 1983.Onginally published as D 2353-65 T.Last previous edi-tion D 2353-68(1978).Anniral Book o f ASTM Standards,Vol 06.0 I.1 NOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.Contact ASTM International(www.astm.org)for the latest information.ASTM D2353 83 M 07 spaced to allow a test panel to be placed between each standard(Fig.I).NOTE I-The type of apparatus that successfully conforms to the conditions required by this test method is shown in Figs.1 and 2.Figure 4 is a working diagram of the component parts.Suitable materials for the con-struction of the Shell Flow Comparator include galvan-ized steel,plate glass,frosted plastic or frosted giass,wood stripping,light sockets,and electrical switch and light source(75-W bulbs).The characters(Fig.5)may be applied to the clear side of the frosted plastic or frosted glass by a silk screen process or a photographic process.NOTE 2-It is possible to obtain commercially the necessary sections of characters pnnted on plastic using a photographic process found satisfactory for this pur-pose.It has been found convenient to have the char-acters printed on three i2 by 19-in.(300 by 480-mm)sections of plastic,each section having six columns of“E”s printed on it.6.2 A rrfotnulic Applicution Eqiti