ASTM_D_2229_-_10_2014.pdf

Designation:D222910(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forAdhesion Between Steel Tire Cords and Rubber1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2229;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forcerequired to pull a steel cord from a block of vulcanized rubber.1.2 Although designed primarily for steel cord,this testmethod may be applied with modifications to wire used inrubber products.1.3 This test method can also be used for evaluating rubbercompound performance with respect to adhesion to steel cord.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed Data(With-drawn 2008)3D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord,Bead Wire,HoseReinforcing Wire,and FabricsE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or Process3.Terminology3.1 Definitions3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to tire cord,bead wire,hose wire,and tire cord fabrics,refer to Terminology D6477.3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:adhesion,rubber compound,and steel cord.3.1.2 For definitions of terms relating to rubber,refer toTerminology D1566.3.1.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles,referto Terminology D123.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The steel cords are vulcanized into a block of rubber andthe force necessary to pull the cords linearly out of the rubberis measured.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for theacceptance testing of commercial shipments of steel tire cordbecause current estimates of between-laboratory precision forsingle materials are considered acceptable and the method hasbeen used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significances be-tween reported test results for two laboratories(or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them,using competent statisticalassistance.As a minimum,the test samples should be used thatare as homogenous as possible,that are drawn from thematerial from which the disparate test results were obtained,and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to eachlaboratory for testing.Other materials with established testvalues may be used for this purpose.The test results from thetwo laboratories should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data,at a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries.If a bias is found,either its cause must be found andcorrected,or future test results must be adjusted in consider-ation of the known bias.5.2 The mold described in this test method is primarilydesigned for quality acceptance testing for steel cord where thesample size for each cord is 4 or a multiple thereof,but anymold/cavity combination which will provide the required testblock dimensions(Figs.1 and 2)is acceptable.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers andMetallic Reinforcements.Current edition approved May 15,2014.Published June 2014.Originallyapproved in 1963.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2229 10.DOI:10.1520/D2229-10R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.3 Appendix X1 contains suggested ranges of environmen-tal conditions for aging tests.5.4 The property measured by this test method indicateswhether the adhesion of the steel cord to the rubber is greaterthan the cohesion of the rubber,that is,complete rubbercoverage of the steel cord,or less than the cohesion of therubber,that is,lack of rubber coverage.6.Apparatus6.1 Mold(Figs.2 and 3)The mold