ASTM_D_2652_-_22.pdf

Designation:D265222Standard Terminology Relating toActivated Carbon1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2652;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology covers terms particularly related toactivatedcarbonandencompassesfinishedproducts,applications,and testing procedures.1.2 When any of the definitions in this terminology isquoted or published out of context,editorially insert thelimiting phrase“in activated carbon”after the dash followingthe term to properly limit the field of application of the termand definition.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Significance and Use2.1 This terminology ensures that terms peculiar to acti-vated carbon are adequately defined so that other standards inwhich such terms are used can be understood and interpretedproperly.2.2 This terminology is useful to those who are not conver-sant with the terms related to activated carbon.However,it isalso a ready reference for those directly associated withactivated carbon to resolve differences and ensure commonal-ity of usage,particularly in the preparation ofASTM standards.2.3 Although this terminology is intended to promote uni-formity in the usage of terms related to activated carbon,it cannever be complete because new terms are constantly arising.The existence of this terminology does not preclude the use ormisuse of any term in another context.3.Terminologyabrasion resistancethe property of a particle to resistattrition or wearing away by friction.absorptiona process in which fluid molecules are taken upby a liquid or solid and distributed throughout the body ofthat liquid or solid.accelerated adsorption testsadsorption tests in which theend point is hastened by testing at conditions more severethan those anticipated in service.acid-extractable materialsubstances dissolved by an acidunder specified conditions.activated carbona family of carbonaceous substancesmanufactured by processes that develop adsorptive proper-ties.activationany process whereby a substance is treated todevelop adsorptive properties.activityfor activated carbon,the adsorptive capacity of anadsorbent,usually as measured by a standard test.adsorbateany substance that is adsorbed.adsorbentany solid having the ability to concentrate signifi-cant quantities of other substances on its surface.adsorptiona process in which fluid molecules are concen-trated on a surface by chemical or physical forces,or both.adsorption zonesee mass transfer zone.ashresidue after the combustion of a substance under speci-fied conditions.as-is basisas received.breakpointthe appearance in the effluent of a specifiedconcentration of an adsorbate.breakthrough,nthe first appearance in the effluent of anadsorbate of interest under specified conditions.channelingthe preferential flow of fluid through passages oflower resistance that can occur in fixed beds or columns ofparticles owing to nonuniform packing,irregular sizes andshapes of the particles,gas pockets,wall effects,and othercauses.chemical adsorptionsee chemisorption.chemisorption(chemical adsorption)the binding of anadsorbate to the surface of a solid at strengths approximatingthose of a chemical bond.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 onActivated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.03 onNomenclature and Editorial.Current edition approved Sept.1,2022.Published October 2022.Originallyapproved in 1967.Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D2652 21.DOI:10.1520/D2652-22.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1coadsorptionthe adsorption of two or more components onan adsorbent,each affecting the adsorbability of the other.contact batch operationan adsorption process in which anadsorbent is dispersed in a fluid to be treated and thenseparated when practical equilibrium is attained.continuous moving bedan adsorption process characterizedby flow of a fluid through a continuously moving bed ofgranular adsorbent with continuous withdrawal of spentadsorbent and continuous addition of reprocessed or virginadsorbent.countercurrent adsorptionan a