ASTM_D_2047_-_11.pdf

Designation:D204711Standard Test Method forStatic Coefficient of Friction of Polish-Coated FlooringSurfaces as Measured by the James Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2047;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This laboratory test method covers the use of the JamesMachine for the measurement of the static coefficient offriction of polish-coated flooring surfaces with respect tohuman locomotion safety.Further,this test method also estab-lishes a compliance criterion to meet the requirement for anonhazardous polished walkway surface.The test method isnot intended for use on“wet”surfaces or on surfaces whereinthe texture,projections,profile or clearance between thesculptured pattern of the surface does not permit adequatecontact between the machine foot and the test surface.1.2 This test method is the only method appropriate fortesting polishes for specification compliance with the floorpolish static coefficient of friction criterion.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1028 Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficient ofFriction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by theHorizontal Dynamometer Pull-Meter Method(Withdrawn2014)3D1436 Test Methods for Application of Emulsion FloorPolishes to Substrates for Testing PurposesD1630 Test Method for Rubber PropertyAbrasion Resis-tance(Footwear Abrader)D2825 Terminology Relating to Polishes and Related Mate-rialsD4103 Practice for Preparation of Substrate Surfaces forCoefficient of Friction TestingD6205 Practice for Calibration of the James Static Coeffi-cient of Friction MachineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics2.2 Federal Specification:KK-L-165C Leather,Cattlehide,Vegetable Tanned andChrome Retanned,Impregnated,and Soles.4Type 1Fac-tory(for Shoe Making),Class 6Strips3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee also Teminologies D1436 and D2825.3.1.1 friction,nthe resistance to relative motion devel-oped between two solid contacting bodies at,and parallel to,the sliding plane.3.1.2 coeffcient of friction,nthe ratio of the horizontal(shear)component of force required to overcome friction,tothe vertical(normal)component of force applied.3.1.3 static coeffcient of friction,nthe ratio of the hori-zontal component of force applied to a body that just over-comes the friction or resistance to sliding,to the verticalcomponent of force applied.3.1.4 dynamic coeffcient of friction,nthe ratio of thehorizontal component of force required to cause a body tocontinue to slide at a constant velocity,to the vertical compo-nent of force applied.3.1.5 slip resistance,nthe frictional force opposing move-ment of an object across its surface,usually with reference tothe sole or heel of a shoe on a floor.A surface having a staticcoefficient of friction of 0.5 or greater as measured by this testmethod is considered to have adequate slip resistance.That is,1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D21 on Polishesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.06 on Slip Resistance.Current edition approved Oct.1,2011.Published November 2011.Originallyapproved in 1964 as D204764T.Last previous edition approved in 2004 asD2047 04.DOI:10.1520/D2047-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,Bldg.4 Section D,700Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia,PA 19111-5094,Attn:NPODS.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 it will provide the required traction for preventing or markedlyreducing the probability of slipping while walking.4.Significance and Use4.1 Test Method D2047 establishes a compliance criterionrelating static coefficient of friction measurements of flooringsurfaces with human locomotion safety.The compliance crite-rion is based on extensive experiential data from residential,commercial,industrial