ASTM_D_2482_-_97_2002.pdf

Designation:D 2482 97(Reapproved 2002)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forSurface Strength of Paper(Wax Pick Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2482;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers uncoated and coated papers.Itis designed to measure the surface strength of paper or itsresistance to picking.It is not applicable to loosely feltedpapers such as blotters or roofing felts,nor to some coatedpapers containing thermoplastic resins in the coating adhesive.1.2 This test method is technically similar to TAPPI T 459.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related Products2D 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor Testing2D 1968 Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper Products22.2TAPPI Documents:T 459 Surface Strength of Paper(Wax Pick Test)3Collaborative Reference Program for Paper33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions shall be in accordance withTerminology D 1968 and the Dictionary of Paper.34.Summary of Test Method4.1 In this test method,calibrated sealing waxes withincreasing adhesive power are pulled from the surface of thespecimens.The highest number of the wax in the series thatdoes not disturb the surface of the paper is the numerical ratingof the pick.5.Significance and Use5.1 Many printing and converting operations require thesurfaces of the paper to have sufficient transverse strength togive satisfactory results.Since no absolute values are obtainedwith this test method,test results should be correlated withactual performance of the material during the subsequentcoating,converting,printing,or packaging operation.45.2 For coated paper,where a significant portion of thecasein or starch coating adhesive has been replaced with athermoplastic resin,there is very little,if any,correlationbetween printing press performance and wax test results.Themolten wax forms a stronger bond with the coating containingthermoplastic resin and the resulting pick causes the paper toappear weak,when in fact it is not.5.2.1 For those sheets containing latex and similar sub-stances,a more direct method employing the actual medium tobe applied is recommended.6.Apparatus6.1 Heating Device,such as a bunsen burner,alcohol lamp,propane torch,or electric heat element.6.2 Wooden Block,approximately 90 by 40 by 10 mm(312by 112by38in.)having a 30-mm(114-in.)diameter holewith an edge approximately 3 mm(18in.)from one end.6.3 Work Surface,smooth,hard,and a poor conductor ofheat,such as wood.(Glass,metal,or artificially cooled surfacesare unsuitable.)7.Materials7.1 WaxesA series of hard-resin,non-oily waxes num-bered respectively from 2A to 26A.Each wax is made up inaccordance with a specific formula and molded in stick formwith a cross-sectional area of 18 by 18 mm(1116by1116in.).Each higher numbered wax in the series is more adhesive thanthe previous one.8.Sampling and Test Specimens8.1 Select a number of specimens,usually 10,each 100 by100 mm(4 by 4 in.)or larger,from each test unit of a sample1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Dec.10,1997.Published November 1998.Originallypublished as D 2482 66 T.Last previous edition D 2482 93(1997).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 15.09.3Available from the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry,P.O.Box 105113,Atlanta,GA 30348.4Kirkpatrick,W.A.,“The Use of Waxes and Case Testing Ink In Testing PrintingPapers,”Paper Trade Journal.PTJOA,Vol 109,No.12,pp 3638;TechnicalAssociation Papers,Vol 22,pp 322324.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.of paper obtained in accordance with Practice D 585,so thatfive replicate critical waxes may be determined for each testedsurface(wire and felt).9.Calibration9.1 The sealing wax sticks used in this method are cali-brated by the manufacturer against retained wax sticks andpaper standards.Not only does each wax stick equal thecorresponding standard stick but will effectively distinguish thesurface strength when compared with adjacent wax numberedsticks.The tester can calibrate any series of wax sticks bynoting whether the surface is progressively more ruptured withascending wax stick numbers and by checking new boxes ofw