ASTM_D_2354_-_10_2018.pdf

Designation:D235410(Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forMinimum Film Formation Temperature(MFFT)of EmulsionVehicles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2354;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mini-mum temperature at which emulsion vehicles coalesce to formcontinuous films.The term“emulsion”in this test methodincludes latex vehicles.1.2 This test method is limited to emulsions having mini-mum film formation temperatures below 90C.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Summary of Test Method2.1 In this test method the minimum film formation tem-perature(MFFT)is determined by visual observation ofcracking or whitening in films that have dried over a substratehaving a controlled temperature gradient.3.Significance and Use3.1 The satisfactory film integrity of emulsion coatingsrequires that as the aqueous phase evaporates the resinousportion of the vehicle coalesces into a continuous film.Lowtemperature impairs the fluidity of the resin particle andthereby their ability to coalesce.Vehicles that can withstandlow temperatures are therefore required,and MFFT is animportant quality feature of emulsion vehicles.4.Apparatus4.1 Minimum Film Formation Temperature BarAn MFFTunit2such as is illustrated in Fig.1.The bar represented in Fig.1 is designed to be used with thermocouples.The thermo-couple leads used with the assembly are iron-constantan withan external resistance of 10.Also included is a pyrometer(not shown in Fig.1).NOTE1Thermometers can be used as an alternative way of measuringtemperature.3It is noted that larger holes(532in.)(4 mm)will have to bedrilled in the bar to accommodate the thermometers.If thermometers areselected,all holes are drilled on the same side of the bar,as opposed to thesystem of alternate placement of holes when using thermocouples.NOTE2Aself-contained unit eliminating the need for any accessories,such as for sub-ambient cooling or temperature measurement,andrequiring only an electrical outlet,piped water,and an air or nitrogensupply has been developed by ICI Paints Division.44.2 Dry Air or Dry Nitrogen Supply,with a regulating valveand flow meter.4.3 Film Caster,having a 6-mil(150-m)clearance.5.Reagents and Materials5.1 Dry Ice.5.2 Isopropanol,anhydrous.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.33 on Polymers and Resins.Current edition approved Sept.1,2018.Published September 2018.Originallyapproved in 1965.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2354 101.DOI:10.1520/D2354-10R18.2The sole source of supply of the MFFT bar,Model CS 188,known to thecommittee at this time is Dek-Tron Scientific Instrument Corp.,244 East 3rd Street,Plainfield,NJ 07060.If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide thisinformation to ASTM International.Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.3The sole source of supply of the thermometer,Prince No.A-011044 known tothe committee at this time is Princo Instruments Inc.,1020 Industrial Hwy.,Southampton,PA 18966.If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please providethis information to ASTM International.Your comments will receive carefulconsideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you mayattend.4The sole source of supply of the MFFTBAR units,Models MFFT-60,andMFFT-90,known to the committee at this time is Rhopoint House,Enviro 21 Park,Queensway Avenue South,Queensway,St.Leonards-on-Sea,East Sussex,TN389AG,UK.For the name of a local distributor search their website at ww-.Interested parties are invited to submit informationregarding the identification of acceptable alternatives to the Committee onStandards,ASTM International.Your comments will receive careful considerationat a meeting of the responsib