ASTM_D_2213_-_00_2016.pdf

Designation:D221300(Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forCompressibility of Leather1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2213;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-pressibility of sole leather.This test method does not apply towet blue.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.The values given in parentheses are providedfor information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Prod-ucts for TestingD1813 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of LeatherTest Specimens3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 compressibilitythe percentage change in thicknessof a specimen on being subjected to a specified pressure for aperiod of time.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A load of 12 000 lbf(53 kN)or 3000 psi(21 MPa)isapplied to a leather specimen 2 by 2-in.2(51 by 51-mm2).Thepercentage change in initial thickness,determined by measur-ing thicknesses before and after compression,represents thecompressibility of the sample.5.Significance and Use5.1 Compressibility is considered an important factor thatinfluences wear resistance of sole leather.3,46.Apparatus6.1 Press,5either hand-or power-driven,having a capacityof at least 15 000 lbf(67 kN)permitting a pressure of 3000 6100 psi(21 6 1 MPa).The rate of increase shall not exceed200 psi/s(1.4 MPa/s).The press shall contain two flat steelplates and an indicator for reading the applied force.A suitabletesting machine may also be used.6.2 Stop Watch,or other suitable timing device.7.Test Specimen7.1 The specimen shall be a square of leather 2 by 2 6132in.(51 by 51 6 0.8 mm)cut by a die.8.Procedure8.1 Condition the specimens in accordance with PracticeD1610.8.2 Measure the initial thickness of the specimen at themiddle of each side approximately 0.5 in.(12.7 mm)from theedge in accordance with Method D1813 averaged and recordedas T1.8.3 Place the specimen between the flat steel plates andapply pressure at a rate not greater than 200 psi/s(1.4 MPa/s)until the required 3000 6 100 psi(21 6 1 MPa)is reached.NOTE1The operator shall take care to apply the force uniformly andperpendicular to the leather surfaces.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.01 on Vegetable Leather.Thistest method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather ChemistsAssn.(Standard Method E45 1953).Current edition approved Sept.1,2016.Published September 2016.Originallyapproved in 1963.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2213 00(2010).DOI:10.1520/D2213-00R16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Hobbs,R.B.,and Kronstadt,R.A.,Journal,Am.Leather Chemists Assn.,Vol40,1945,p.12.4Booth,W.E.,Journal,Society of Leather Trades Chemists,Vol 43,1959,p.349.5The sole source of supply of the hand press known to the committee at this timeis Fred S.Carver Co.,Summit,NJ.If you are aware of alternative suppliers,pleaseprovide this information to ASTM Headquarters.Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 8.4 Maintain the load for 3 min,continuously correcting forrelaxation or loss in force,and then release.8.5 Remove the specimen from the apparatus and immedi-ately remeasure in accordance with 8.2.Record the finalthickness as T2.9.Calculation9.1 Calculate the percentage compressibility as follows:Compressibility,%5T12 T2!/T1#3100(1)where:T1=initial thickness of the uncompressed sample,andT2=thickness of the sample after compression.10.Report10.1 The report shall include the following:10.1.1 Compressibility of each specimen from each testunit,and10.1.2 Compressibility based on the average of all speci-mens tested,recorded to the nearest 0.1%.11.Precision11.1 The mean difference between two laboratories usingseven pairs of matched samples is 1.40 and confidence limits at95%are 0.23 to 2.67.12.Keywords12.1 compressibility;sole leather;wear resistanceAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Infor