ASTM_D_1740_-_01.pdf

Designation:D 1740 01An American National StandardStandard Test Method forLuminometer Numbers of Aviation Turbine Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1740;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This test method has been adopted for use by government agencies to replace Method 2108 of Federal Test Method Standard No.791b.1.Scope1.1 This test method2covers the measurement of the flameradiation characteristics of aviation turbine fuels and othersimilar distillate fuels expressed in terms of luminometernumbers.There is good correlation between smoke point(TestMethod D 1322)and luminometer number which is presentedin Appendix X1.21.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specificprecautionary statements,see 7.1,7.2,8.1,8.2 andAnnexA1.1.NOTE1It is the intent of Subcommittee J to ballot to withdraw thistest method when due for reapproval in 2006,because of very limited anddeclining use to determine compliance with aviation turbine fuel specifi-cations.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Aviation TurbineFuels3D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels3D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils33.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 luminometer numbera measure of flame tempera-ture at a fixed flame radiation in the green-yellow band of thevisible spectrum.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIt can be correlated with combustioncharacteristics of fuels for use in current commercial aviationturbine engines.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The luminometer number of a fuel is determined byburning the fuel in the ASTM-CRC Luminometer lamp andobtaining a curve of flame radiation,as measured by an opticalfilter and photo cell unit against the temperature rise across theburner measured by a thermocouple placed just above theflame.This temperature rise is compared with that obtained ona pair of reference fuels at a constant radiation level.To ensurethat the constant rating level is the same in all units,it isdefined as the smoke point of tetralin.Luminometer number iscalculated from the difference in temperature rise between thetest fuel and the temperature rise for tetralin divided by thedifference in temperature rise for isooctane and tetralin.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides an indication of the relativeradiation emitted by the combustion products of gas turbinefuels from a diffusion flame.The radiation level,expressed asluminometer number,is related to the hydrocarbon type com-position of such fuels.A high luminometer number indicates afuel of low radiation characteristics.5.2 The luminometer number(and the smoke point withwhich it can be correlated)is qualitatively related to thepotential radiant heat transfer from the combustion products ofthe fuel.Because radiant heat transfer exerts a strong influenceon the metal temperature of combustor liners and other hotsection parts of gas turbines,the luminometer number providesa basis for correlation of fuel characteristics with the life ofthese components.6.Apparatus6.1 ASTM-CRC Luminometer,4shown schematically inFig.1,consisting of three main parts:6.1.1 A small wick-type lamp in which the sample isburned,6.1.2 An optical filter and photocell circuit which indicatesthe intensity of flame radiation in the range from 4800 to 7000Aand1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.Current edition approved June 10,2001.Published July 2001.Originallypublished as D 1740 60 T.Last previous edition D 1740 96.2This test method was developed on the basis of cooperative work carried out bythe Coordinating Research Council and published in CRC Report“Evaluation ofCRC Luminometer”(CRC Project No.CA-16-58).June 1959.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.01.4The ASTM-CRC Luminometer,made by ERDCO Engineering Corp.,721Custer Ave.,P.O.Box 1310,Evanston,IL 60204 has been used to develop theprecision of Test Method D 1740.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.6.1.3 A system to measure the lamp temperature rise aboveambient.Luminometers through serial No.377 include a dualthermocouple circuit and potentiometer,while later instru-ments include a digital output unit.6.2 Lamp WicksStandard ASTM smoke point lampwicks5are used in the ASTM-CRC luminometer lamp.7.Reference Materials and Reagent7.1 Isooctane(WarningEx