ASTM_D_1480_-_21.pdf

Designation:D148021Standard Test Method forDensity and Relative Density(Specific Gravity)of ViscousMaterials by Bingham Pycnometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1480;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the mea-surement of the density of materials which are fluid at thedesired test temperature.Its application is restricted to liquidsof vapor pressures below 80 kPa(600 mm Hg)and viscositiesbelow 40 000 mm2/s(cSt)at the test temperature.The methodis designed for use at any temperature between 20 C and100 C.It can be used at higher temperatures;however,in thiscase the precision section does not apply.NOTE1For the determination of density of materials which are fluidat normal temperatures,see Test Method D1217.1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure forconverting density to specific gravity.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can causeserious medical issues.Mercury,or its vapor,has been dem-onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containingproducts.See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet(SDS)for additional information.The potential exists that sellingmercury or mercury-containing products,or both,is prohibitedby local or national law.Users must determine legality of salesin their location.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density(Spe-cific Gravity)of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD4052 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD8278 Specification for Digital Contact Thermometers forTest Methods Measuring Flow Properties of Fuels andLubricantsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 density,nmass per unit volume at a specifiedtemperature.D40523.1.2 relative density,nthe ratio of the density of amaterial at a stated temperature to the density of water at astated temperature.D40524.Summary of Test Method4.1 The liquid sample is introduced into the pycnometer,equilibrated to the desired temperature,and weighed.Thedensity or specific gravity is then calculated from this weightand the previously determined calibration factor,and a correc-tion is applied for the buoyancy of air.5.Significance and Use5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can beused in conjunction with other properties to characterize boththe light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to assess thequality of crude oils.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.Current edition approved April 1,2021.Published April 2021.Originallyapproved in 1957.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D1480 15.DOI:10.1520/D1480-21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.5.2 Determination of the density or relative density ofpetroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion ofmeasured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of15 C.5.3 The determination of densities at the elevate