ASTM_D_1895_-_96_2010e1.pdf

Designation:D189596(Reapproved 2010)1Standard Test Methods forApparent Density,Bulk Factor,and Pourability of PlasticMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1895;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1NOTEAdded research report information to Section 14 editorially in September 2010.1.Scope1.1 1These test methods cover the measurement of apparentdensity,bulk factor,and where applicable,the pourability ofplastic materials such as molding powders.Different proce-dures are given for application to the various forms of thesematerials that are commonly encountered,from fine powdersand granules to large flakes and cut fibers.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE1Test MethodAis equivalent to ISO Method R 60 as describedin the appendix.Test Method C is identical with ISO Method R 61.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity(Rela-tive Density)of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique2.2 ISO Standards:3R60 Determination of Apparent Density of Molding Mate-rials that Can be Poured from a Specified FunnelR61 Determination of Apparent Density of Molding Mate-rial that Cannot be Poured from a Specified Funnel3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 apparent densitythe weight per unit volume of amaterial,including voids inherent in the material as tested.3.1.1.1 The term bulk density is commonly used for mate-rials such as molding powder.3.1.2 bulk factorthe ratio of the volume of any givenquantity of the loose plastic material to the volume of the samequantity of the material after molding or forming.The bulkfactor is also equal to the ratio of the density after molding orforming to the apparent density of the material as received.3.1.3 pourabilitya measure of the time required for astandard quantity of material to flow through a funnel ofspecified dimensions.4.Significance and Use4.1 These test methods provide useful indexes of perfor-mance of plastic materials such as powders and granules withrespect to their handling in packaging and fabrication.4.2 Apparent density is a measure of the fluffiness of amaterial.4.3 Bulk factor is a measure of volume change that may beexpected in fabrication.4.4 Pourability characterizes the handling properties of afinely divided plastic material.It is a measure of the readinesswith which such materials will flow through hoppers and feedtubes and deliver uniform weights of material.APPARENT DENSITYTest Method A5.Scope5.1 Test Method A(see Note 1)covers the measurement ofthe apparent density of the fine granules and powders that canbe poured readily through a small funnel.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on AnalyticalMethods.Current edition approved Jan.1,2010.Published January 2010.Originallyapproved in 1961.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D1895 96(2003).This edition includes the addition of an extensive ISO equivalency statement andkeywords section.DOI:10.1520/D1895-96R10E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.Apparatus6.1 Measuring CupA cylindrical cup of 100 6 0.5-cmcapacity,having a diameter equal to half the height,forexample,39.9-mm(1.572-in.)inside diameter by 79.8-mm(3.144-in.)inside height,as shown in Fig.1.6.2 Funnel,having a 9.5-mm diameter opening at thebottom,and mounted at a height 38 mm above the measuringcup,as shown in Fig.1.7.Procedure7.1 With the apparatus assembled as shown in Fig.1,closethe small end of the funnel with the hand or with a suitable flatstrip and pour a 115 6 5-cm3sample into the funnel.Open thebottom of the funnel quickly and allow the material to flowfreely into the cup.If caking occurs in the funnel,the materialmay be loosened with a small glass rod.7.2 After