ASTM_D_1889_-_00.pdf

Designation:D 1889 00An American National StandardStandard Test Method forTurbidity of Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1889;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of turbidity inwater and wastewater.1.2 This test method is applicable to the measurement ofturbidities in the range from 1.0 to 40 nephelometric turbidityunits(NTU).1.3 Higher turbidities may be measured using this testmethod by serial dilution to applicable range.1.4 This test method was tested on municipal drinking waterand final effluent discharges.It is the users responsibility toensure the validity of this test method for waters of untestedmatrices.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Refer to all materialsafety data sheets(MSDS)prior to preparing or using standardsand before calibrating or performing instrument maintenance.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water2D 1192 Specification for Equipment for Sampling Waterand Steam in Closed Conduits2D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water2D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias ofApplicable Methods of Committee D-19 on Water2D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con-duits22.2EPA Standard:EPA 180.1 Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:The terms turbidity,and nephelometricturbidity are defined in Terminology D 1129.For definitions ofother terms used in this test method,refer to TerminologyD 1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 turbidity an expression of the optical properties of asample that causes light rays to be scattered and absorbedrather than transmitted in straight lines through the sample.(Turbidity of water is caused by the presence of suspended anddissolved matter such as clay,silt,finely divided organicmatter,plankton,other microscopic organisms,organic acids,and dyes.)4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Nephelometric Turbidity:4.1.1 Photoelectric NephelometerThe photoelectricnephelometer operation is based on instrumental comparison ofthe intensity of light scattered by the contained static watersample under defined conditions to the intensity of lightscattered by a reference standard in the sample container.Thehigher the intensity of scattered light,the higher the turbidity ofsample.4.1.2 Calibrated Slit TurbidimeterThe calibrated slit tur-bidimeter operation is based on a visual comparison of theintensity of light scattered by the contained static water sampleunder defined conditions to the intensity of light scattered by areference sample in the same container,the higher the intensityof scattered light the higher the turbidity of sample.4.1.3 Nephelometric Turbidity Standards:4.1.3.1 Styrene-divinylbenzene(SDVB)polymer standard(see Section 12).These standards are used as received from themanufacturers or distributor.4.1.3.2 Formazin polymer preparation and dilution methodsare given in 8.2.2-8.2.4.5.Significance and Use5.1 Turbidity in water is caused by the presence of sus-pended and dissolved particles of gas,liquid or solids oforganic or inorganic matter.Turbidity is undesirable in drink-ing water,plant effluent waters,water for food and beverage1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,Geomor-phology,and Open-Channel Flow.Current edition approved July 10,2000.Published October 2000.Originallypublished as D 1889 61.Last previous edition D 1889 99e1.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.01.3Available from Environmental Protection Agency,Environmental Monitoringand Support Laboratory,Cincinnati,OH 45268.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.processing,and for a large number of other water-dependentmanufacturing processes.Removal of suspended matter isaccomplished by coagulation,settling,and filtration.Measure-ment of turbidity provides a rapid means of process control forwhen,how,and to what extent the water must be treated tomeet specifications.Methodology for the correlation of asample NTU to the number or volume of suspended particles isnow under evaluation.Specific gravity estimates would thengive rapid NTU correlation to the weight concentration ofsuspended matter.5.2 This test method is suitable for 1.0 to 40.0 NTUturbidity such as that found in