ASTM_D_1401_-_21.pdf

Designation:D140121Standard Test Method forWater Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1401;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers measurement of the ability ofpetroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water.Although developed specifically for steam-turbine oils havingviscosities of 28.8 mm2/s to 90 mm2/s at 40 C,this testmethod may be used to test oils of other types having variousviscosities and synthetic fluids at other test temperatures.It isrecommended,however,that the test temperature be raised to82 C 6 1 C when testing products more viscous than90 mm2/s at 40 C.For higher viscosity oils where there isinsufficient mixing of oil and water,Test Method D2711 isrecommended.Other test temperatures such as 25 C may alsobe used.A 1%sodium choloride(NaCl)solution or syntheticseawater may be used in place of distilled water when testingcertain oils or fuels used in marine applications.1.2 When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densitiesare greater than that of water,the procedure is unchanged,butit should be noted that the water will probably float on theemulsion or liquid.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific warning statements,see Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD1141 Practice for Preparation of Substitute Ocean WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2711 Test Method for Demulsibility Characteristics ofLubricating OilsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and Lubricants2.2 ISO Standards:3BS EN ISO 3696:1995 Water for analytical laboratory useSpecification and test methods3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method,seeTerminology D4175.3.1.2 emulsion,na suspension of fine globules of one ormore liquids in another liquid.3.1.3 interface,na common boundary between differentphases of a substance.3.1.4 phase separation,nthe formation of two layers,anaqueous constituent and a hydrophobic constituent,separatedby either a common boundary or a layer of emulsion;typically,the aqueous portion will be the lower phase,but for certainfluids whose relative densities are greater than that of water,theaqueous portion will be the upper phase.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A test specimen consisting of a 40 mL sample and a40 mL quantity of distilled water,or 1%sodium chloride(NaCl)solution or synthetic seawater are stirred for 5 min in a1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.C0 on Turbine Oils.Current edition approved Oct.1,2021.Published December 2021.Originallyapproved in 1964.Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D1401 19.DOI:10.1520/D1401-21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1,ch.dela Voie-Creuse,Case postale 56,CH-1211,Geneva 20,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.ch.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1?graduated cylinder at 54 C or 82 C,depending upon theviscosity of the test specimen or sample s