ASTM_D_1434_-_82_2015e1.pdf

Designation:D143482(Reapproved 2015)1Standard Test Method forDetermining Gas Permeability Characteristics of Plastic Filmand Sheeting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1434;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial corrections were made in September 2015.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the steady-state rate of transmission of a gas through plastics in the formof film,sheeting,laminates,and plastic-coated papers orfabrics.This test method provides for the determination of(1)gas transmission rate(GTR),(2)permeance,and,in the case ofhomogeneous materials,(3)permeability.1.2 Two procedures are provided:1.2.1 Procedure MManometric.1.2.2 Procedure VVolumetric.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics(Withdrawn 1998)33.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 gas transmission rate,GTRthe quantity of a givengas passing through a unit of the parallel surfaces of a plasticfilm in unit time under the conditions of test.The SI unit ofGTR is 1 mol/(m2s).The test conditions,including tempera-ture and partial pressure of the gas on both sides of the film,must be stated.Other factors,such as relative humidity andhydrostatic pressure,that influence the transport of the gasmust also be stated.The inch-pound unit of GTR,a commonlyused unit of GTR,is 1 mL(STP)/(m2d)at a pressuredifferential of one atmosphere.3.1.2 permeance,Pthe ratio of the gas transmission rate tothe difference in partial pressure of the gas on the two sides ofthe film.The SI unit of permeance is 1 mol/(m2sPa).The testconditions(see 5.1)must be stated.3.1.3 permeability,Pthe product of the permeance and thethickness of a film.The permeability is meaningful only forhomogeneous materials,in which it is a property characteristicof the bulk material.This quantity should not be used unlessthe constancy of the permeability has been verified usingseveral different thicknesses of the material.The SI unit of P is1 mol/(msPa).The test conditions(see 3.1)must be stated.NOTE1One millilitre(STP)is 44.62 mol,one atmosphere is 0.1013MPa,and one day is 86.4 103s.GTR in SI units is obtained bymultiplying the value in inch-pound units by 5.160 1010.Additionalunits and conversions are shown in Appendix X1.3.1.4 steady statethe state attained when the amount ofgas absorbed in the film is in equilibrium with the flux of gasthrough the film.For Method V,this is obtained when the GTRis constant.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is mounted in a gas transmission cell so asto form a sealed semibarrier between two chambers.Onechamber contains the test gas at a specific high pressure,andthe other chamber,at a lower pressure,receives the permeatinggas.Either of the following procedures is used:4.1.1 Procedure MIn Procedure M the lower pressurechamber is initially evacuated and the transmission of the gasthrough the test specimen is indicated by an increase inpressure.4.1.2 Procedure VIn Procedure V the lower pressurechamber is maintained near atmospheric pressure and the1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F02 on FlexibleBarrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.10 onPermeation.Current edition approved June 1,2015.Published September 2015.Originallyapproved in 1956.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1434 82(2009)1.DOI:10.1520/D1434-82R15E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 transmission of the gas through the test specimen is indicatedby a change in volume.5.Significance and Use5.1 These measurements give semiquantitative estimates forthe gas transmission of single pure gases through film andsheeting.Correlation of measured values with any given use,such as packaged contents protection,must be determined byexperience.The gas transmission rate is affected by conditionsnot specifically provided for in these tests,such as moi