ASTM_D_3328_-_06_2013.pdf

Designation:D332806(Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Methods forComparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by GasChromatography1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3328;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the comparison of petroleumoils recovered from water or beaches with oils from suspectsources by means of gas chromatography(1,2,3).2Such oilsinclude distillate fuel,lubricating oil,and crude oil.The testmethod described is for capillary column analyses using eithersingle detection(flame ionization)or dual detection(flameionization and flame photometric)for sulfur containing spe-cies.1.2 This test method provides high resolution for criticalexamination of fine structure that is resistant to weathering.The flame-photometric detection for sulfur components is anadjunct,not a substitute,for flame-ionization detection in theidentification of waterborne petroleum oils(4-12).For thisreason,flame photometric detection is optional.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2549 Test Method for Separation of Representative Aro-matics and Nonaromatics Fractions of High-Boiling Oilsby Elution ChromatographyD3325 Practice for Preservation of Waterborne Oil SamplesD3326 Practice for Preparation of Samples for Identificationof Waterborne OilsD3415 Practice for Identification of Waterborne OilsD4489 Practices for Sampling of Waterborne OilsD5739 Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by GasChromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact LowResolution Mass SpectrometryE355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-ships3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Practice D3415,Terminology D1129,andPractice E355.4.Significance and Use4.1 Identification of a recovered oil is determined by com-parison with known oils,selected because of their possiblerelationship to the particular recovered oil.The known oils arecollected from suspected sources.Samples of such known oilsmust be collected and submitted along with the unknown foranalysis.At present,identification of the source of an unknownoil by itself cannot be made(for example,from a library ofknown oils).4.2 The use of a flame-photometric detector in addition tothe flame-ionization detector provides a second,independentprofile of the same oil,that is,significantly more information isavailable from a single analysis with dual detection.4.3 Many close similarities(within uncertainties of sam-pling and analysis)will be needed to establish identity beyonda reasonable doubt.The analyses described will distinguishmany,but not all samples.For cases in which this method doesnot clearly identify a pair of samples,and for important caseswhere additional comparisons are needed to strengthenconclusions,other analyses will be required(refer to PracticeD3415).In particular,Practice D5739 is useful for such cases.5.Interferences5.1 Compounds that have the same retention time as petro-leum hydrocarbons will interfere in the comparison of theunknown with known oils.This is particularly true if animal fator vegetable oil,naturally occurring hydrocarbons,or spill-treatment chemicals are present in relatively large amounts.Independent analysis,for example,infrared spectroscopy,will1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 onWaterand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods forAnalysis for Organic Substances in Water.Current edition approved Feb.15,2013.Published March 2013.Originallyapproved in 1974.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3328 06.DOI:10.1520/D3328-06R13.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the references at the end of thesetest methods.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 establish the presence of these contaminants if their presence issuspected.Animal or vegetable oils can be removed effectivelyby Test Method D2549 or by Practices D3326(Method D).NOTE1Test Method D2549 will also remove the aromatic fraction.6.Reagents and Materials6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent