ASTM_D_1831_-_21.pdf

Designation:D183121Standard Test Method forRoll Stability of Lubricating Grease1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1831;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers determination of the changes inthe consistency,as measured by cone penetration,of lubricat-ing greases when worked in the roll stability test apparatus.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD1403 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGrease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale ConeEquipment3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 consistency,nof lubricating grease,the degree ofresistance to movement under stress.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe term consistency is used somewhatsynonymously with penetration.Generally,consistency refersto the worked penetration of a grease.D2173.1.2 lubricant,nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.D2173.1.3 lubricating grease,na semi-fluid to solid product ofa dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant bysurface tension and other physical forces.Other ingredientsimparting special properties are often included.D2173.1.4 penetration,nof lubricating grease,the depth thatthe standard cone enters the sample when released to fall underits own weight for 5 s.D2173.1.5 reduced-scale penetration,nof lubricating grease,the depth in units of 0.1 mm that a14-scale cone or12-scalecone penetrates the sample when released to fall under its ownweight for 5 s.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThe term reduced-scale penetration issimilar to the term penetration found in Test Methods D217.However,due to the differences in scale,the terms are notsynonymous and should not be confused.3.1.6 reduced-scale penetrometer,nan instrument similarto that shown in Fig.1 of Test Methods D217,designed tomeasure the consistency or hardness of semi-liquid to semi-solid materials by measuring the depth to which the14-scale orthe12-scale cone falls into grease.3.1.6.1 DiscussionEither a14-scale cone or a12-scalecone can be used to determine the consistency of lubricatinggreases when the quantity of sample available for testing islimited.The penetration forces are determined by the respec-tive masses of the cones and shafts.3.1.7 reduced-scale worked penetration,nof lubricatinggrease,the penetration at 25 C(77 F),without delay,of asample after 60 double strokes in a14-scale or12-scale greaseworker.3.1.8 thickener,nin lubricating grease,a substance com-posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricantto form the products structure.3.1.8.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be fibers(such as1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.G0.02 on Consistency and Related Rheological Tests.Current edition approved Dec.1,2021.Published January 2022.Originallyapproved in 1961.Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D1831 20.DOI:10.1520/D1831-21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1various metallic