ASTM_D_1223_-_93_2006.pdf

Designation:D1223 93(Reapproved 2006)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forSpecular Gloss of Paper and Paperboard at 751This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1223;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method is for measuring the specular gloss ofpaper at 75(15 from the plane of paper).1.2 Although its chief application is to coated papers(1),2this test method may also be used for uncoated papers.1.3 This test method is not a measure of image-reflectingquality and should not be used for cast-coated,lacquered,highly varnished(2,3,4)or waxed papers(5),and high-glossink films(6).For these purposes,TAPPI T 653“Specular Glossof Paper and Paperboard at 20 Degrees”is preferred,althoughthe present method has been shown to be suitable for glossmeasurements of most other ink films on paper or paperboard.Here,differences in the color and the diffuse reflectances ofthese ink films have a negligible effect on measured gloss.Forexample,on comparing white and black surfaces which areotherwise identical,the white surface will measure less thanone gloss unit higher than the black.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper,Paperboard,Fiberboard,and Related ProductD685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor Testing2.2TAPPI Standard:T 1200 Interlaboratory evaluation of test methods to deter-mine TAPPI repeatability and reproducibility43.Significance and Use3.1 This test method is widely used as a partial measure ofthe surface quality and shiny appearance of coated paper.4.Apparatus4.1 Gloss Meter(see Fig.1).It consists of a source oflight,a lens giving a converging beam of rays incident on thetest specimen,a suction plate to hold the specimen flat,and alight detector to receive and measure certain of the raysreflected by the test specimen.These components are com-bined in a light tight housing that is matte black inside and isstructurally and optically stable during warming and at theoperating temperature.Details of the geometric,spectral,andphotometric characteristics of the instrument and of the speci-men holder are given in Annex A1.4.1.1 Area of Specimen IlluminatedThe area illuminatedis controlled by the dimensions of the aperture stop A-Aspecified in Fig.1.If the outline of this spot is projectedsharply onto the specimen,the illuminated area will berectangular,0.10d 6 0.01d wide and 0.05 6 0.005d times1/cos 75 long.When the value for d is 100 mm,theilluminated spot will have a width between 9.0 and 11.0 mm,and length between 17.4 and 21.3 mm,resulting in anilluminated area between 156 and 234 mm2.On the assumptionthat approximately 2000 mm2of paper or board should beevaluated to obtain a representative gloss value for the sample,10 separate sheets or 10 different areas on one sheet should bemeasured and averaged.NOTE1No minimum value for d is specified since none is requiredwhen a sufficient number of measurements is made so that the averageprovides a gloss value representative of 2000 mm2of sample.4.2 Gloss StandardsThe theoretical specular-gloss stan-dard is an ideal,completely reflecting,plane mirror having anassigned value of 384.4 gloss units.A flat,clean,and polishedsurface of black glass having a refractive index of 1.540 for theSodium D line may be shown by the Fresnel equation(7)tomeasure 100 gloss units on this scale.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D06 on Paperand Paper Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D06.92 onStandard Documents Relating to Paper and Paper Products.Current edition approved Nov.1,2006.Published November 2006.Originallyapproved in 1955.Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D1223 93(1998).DOI:10.1520/D1223-93R06.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis test method.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry(TAPPI),15 Technology Parkway South,Norcross,GA 30092,http:/www.tappi.org.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.NOTICE:This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact ASTM