ASTM_D_1173_-_07_2015.pdf

Designation:D117307(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forFoaming Properties of Surface-Active Agents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1173;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the foam-ing properties of surface-active agents as defined in Terminol-ogy D459.This test method is applicable under limited andcontrolled conditions,but does not necessarily yield informa-tion correlating with specific end uses.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents3.Apparatus3.1 PipetThe pipet(Fig.1)shall be constructed fromstandard-wall,chemically resistant glass tubing having thefollowing dimensions:for the bulb,45 6 1.5 mm outsidediameter;for the lower stem,7 6 0.5 mm outside diameter.The upper stem shall be constructed to contain a solid-stopper,straight bore,No.2,standard-taper stopcock having a 2-mmbore and stems 8 mm in outside diameter.Both the upper andlower seals of the bulb to the stems shall be hemispherical inshape.The lower stem shall be 60 6 2 mm in length from thepoint of attachment to the bulb and shall contain an orificesealed into the lower end.The orifice shall be constructed fromprecision bore tubing having an inside diameter of 2.9 6 0.02mm and a length of 10 6 0.05 mm,with both ends groundsquare.The orifice shall have an outside diameter so as to fitsnugly into the lower stem and form a secure seal to the stemwhen heated with a sharp pointed flame in the blow torch.Thepipet shall be calibrated to contain 200 6 0.2 mL at 20C.Thecalibration mark shall be on the upper stem at least 15 mmbelow the barrel of the stopcock and shall completely encirclethe stem.3.2 ReceiverThe receiver(Fig.2)shall be constructedfrom standard-wall,chemically resistant glass tubing having aninternal diameter of 50 6 0.8 mm,with one end constricted andsealed to a straight-bore,solid-plug,standard-taper No.6stopcock having a 6-mm bore and 12-mm stems.The receivershall have three calibration marks which shall completelyencircle the tube.The first mark shall be at the 50-mL point,shall be measured with the stopcock closed,and shall not be onany curved portion of the constriction.The second mark shallbe at the 250-mL point,and the third mark at a distance of 906 0.5 cm above the 50-mL mark.The receiver tube shall bemounted in a standard-wall tubular water jacket,having anexternal diameter of not less than 70 mm,fitted with inlet andoutlet connections.The jacket may be attached to the receiverwith rubber stoppers or may be sealed at the top and bottom.The seal at the bottom shall be as close to the barrel of thestopcock as practicable.The assembled receiver and jacketshall be mounted securely in a plumb position and the jacketconnected to a source of water thermostatically maintained at120 6 1F(49 6 0.5C)for circulating through the jacket.Atthe top of the receiver there shall be a platform,flush with thetop of the assembly,having a metal plate in which is drilledthree indexing holes circumferentially placed around the re-ceiver and having an angular displacement of 120 from eachother.A clamp,which may be securely attached to the upperpart of the pipet,shall fit into the holes.The clamp shall havethree leveling screws and lock nuts and when properlymounted,shall exactly center the pipet in the receiver and bringthe lower tip of the pipet level with the upper calibration markon the receiver.A meter stick shall be fastened to the side orbehind the receiver with the zero point level with the 250-mLcalibration point on the receiver.4.Test Solution4.1 Distilled water,or water of various degrees of hardness,may be used for this test.Preheat the water used for preparingthe solution and add slowly,while stirring vigorously,anamount of the surface-active agent that will produce the desiredconcentration.Continue stirring in such a manner as to avoidexcessive foam formation,until solution of the surface-activeagent is homogeneous.Age the solution at a temperature of1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soapsand Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 onPhysical Testing.Current edition approved May 1,2015.Published July 2015.Originally approvedin 1951.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1173 07.DOI:10.1520/D1173-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servic