2023届上海市同济中学高考英语一模试卷（含解析）.doc

2023学年高考英语模拟测试卷 考生须知： 1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。 2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。 3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。 第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 1．The college examination is ________________ easier this year than I have expected. A．fairly B．quite C．rather D．very 2．The reign of the next Japanese emperor will be known as “Reiwa” (令和) era, in ________ name the character for “harmony” is included. A．which B．what C．whose D．as 3．—He is eager to try something he has never tried before. —Oh, I see. That’s _______ he’s different from others. A．when B．where C．how D．what 4．It’s second time in five days that he has asked me for higher pay. A．不填；a B．a;the C．the；a D．the；the 5．The hall of the school can one thousand people. A．sit B．seat C．be sat D．be seated 6．I’m sorry you have been waiting so long, but it will still be some time ________ you can get your passport. A．since B．till C．after D．before 7．—Can I have a day off tomorrow? I need to visit my grandma in the hospital. —__________. I can manage without you. A．Forget it B．Of course C．It depends D．I’m afraid not 8．Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _____the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni （校友） from home and abroad. A．Attend B．To attend C．Attending D．Having attended 9．________ from J.K. Rowling’s book series of the same title, the “Harry Potter” movies are universally acknowledged as classics. A．Adapting B．Having adapted C．Adapted D．To be adapted 10．I have no doubt that Anna will ________ it, but I wonder whether she is really ready enough. A．dig B．hit C．make D．lift 11．She sat on the top of the stairs _____ her head on her crossed arms and cried. A．for B．when C．with D．while 12．Obama didn’t explain ______ any larger principles have guided him through the historic convulsions of the 2011 Arab Spring. A．what B．that C．where D．whether 13．The warmth of ____ coat will mostly be determined by ____ soft of cloth used. A．the; a B．a; the C．/; the D．a; a 14．—Why can’t you give me another chance? —________, but I don’t think you are good at management. A．No offence B．No worries C．No need D．No wonder 15．School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous ________. A．states B．conditions C．situations D．positions 16．—Mum, I am worrying about my pet dog while we are away. —Boy, you ________. Our neighbor has offered to help us. A．can’t B．wouldn’t C．needn’t D．mustn’t 17．Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing ________ the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track. A．breaks B．blocks C．bonds D．beats 18．General Secretary, Xi Jinping, stressed that cross－strait cooperation would be strengthened________ the two sides could agree to oppose Taiwan independence． A．unless B．even if C．as long as D．until 19．One of our rules is that every student _______ wear school uniform while at school. A．might B．could C．shall D．will 20．－What if the rainstorm continues? －Come on guys! We have to meet the _______ whatever the weather. A．standard B．demand C．deadline D．satisfaction 第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 21．（6分）It’s not every day that United States history mixes with microbes (微生物) in the soil. But when the grassland on the National Mall in Washington, D．C．was replaced, it offered scientists the opportunity to study changes in the soil beneath. The work focused on the bacteria present in the soil. To the researchers’ surprise, the communities of microbes did not change a lot before and after the replacement. These communities in the soil are known as the soil microbiome (微生物群). “My lab is interested in how microbes can move around in the environment , and how they change and adapt as a result of this movement,” explains Jo Anne Crouch, the lead author of the study. “We thought that the new ‘imported ’turf (草皮) from New Jersey would introduce different communities of bacteria to the National Mall. However, we found that they weren’t significantly different.” Crouch’s work focused on turf grass ，defined as a large area of green grass. It is made up of the grass, its roots, and the soil and microbes found with them. Think of the soil microbiome as similar to the collection of microbes found in the human body. When the microbes are out of balance , it can make someone sick. Crouch says it’s the same for the soil microbiome. Many of the worst diseases in crops or other environments are linked with changes in the soil microbiome. Additionally, Crouch says that even though the changes between the soils were small, scientists are also starting to appreciate that sometimes a really important microbe is a rare one. This means it would be hard to observe but could greatly affect how the groups function as a whole. “Agricultural areas and other natural spaces are highly and easily hurt by negative changes,” she