ASTM_D_1481_-_17.pdf

Designation:D148117Standard Test Method forDensity and Relative Density(Specific Gravity)of ViscousMaterials by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1481;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the densityof oils more viscous than 15 mm2/s(cSt)at 20 C,and ofviscous oils and melted waxes at elevated temperatures,but notat temperatures at which the sample would have a vaporpressure of 13.3 kPa(100 mmHg)or above.NOTE1To determine the densities of less viscous liquids at 20 C or25 C use Test Method D1217.1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure forconverting density to relative density(specific gravity).1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system,kidney and liver damage.Mercury,orits vapor,may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials.Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products.See the applicable product SafetyData Sheet(SDS)for details and EPAs websitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information.Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercurycontaining products into your state or country may be prohib-ited by law.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.4.1 ExceptionOther units of measurement are includedin this standard for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density(Spe-cific Gravity)of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD4052 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 density,nmass per unit volume at a specifiedtemperature.D40523.1.2 relative density(specific gravity),nthe ratio of thedensity of a material at a stated temperature to the density ofwater at a stated temperature.D40524.Summary of Test Method34.1 The liquid is drawn into the bicapillary pycnometerthrough the removable siphon arm and adjusted to volume atthe temperature of test,in such a manner that there ispractically no drainage in the unfilled tubing.After equilibra-tion at the test temperature,liquid levels are read,and thepycnometer is removed from the thermostated bath,cooled toroom temperature,and weighed.4.2 Density or relative density(specific gravity),as desired,is then calculated from the volume at the test temperature andthe weight of the sample.The effect of air buoyancy is includedin the calculations.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.Current edition approved June 1,2017.Published July 2017.Originally approvedin 1957.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1481 12.DOI:10.1520/D1481-17.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3For a more complete discussion of this procedure,see Lipkin,M.R.,Mills,I.W.,Martin,C.C.,and Harvey,W.T.,Analytical Chemistry,ANCHA,Vol 21,1949,p.504.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 5.Significance and Use5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can beused in conjunction with other properties to characterize boththe light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to access thequality of crude oils.5.2 Determination of the density or relative density ofpetroleum and its products is n