ASTM_D_1148_-_13.pdf

Designation:D114813Standard Test Method forRubber DeteriorationDiscoloration from Ultraviolet(UV)orUV/Visible Radiation and Heat Exposure of Light-ColoredSurfaces1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1148;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.(This test method was prepared jointly by the Society of Automotive Engineers and ASTM International.)1.Scope1.1 This test method covers techniques to evaluate thesurface discoloration of white or light-colored vulcanizedrubber that may occur when subjected to UV or UV/visibleexposure from specified sources under controlled conditions ofrelative humidity,or moisture,and temperature.1.2 This test method also describes how to qualitativelyevaluate the degree of discoloration produced under suchconditions.1.3 The term“discoloration”applies to a color change of therubber sample,as distinguished from staining(see Note 1),thatrefers to a color change of a metal finish in contact with oradjacent to the rubber specimen.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE1Tests for staining are covered by Test Methods D925.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D925 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyStaining of Sur-faces(Contact,Migration,and Diffusion)D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD3182 Practice for RubberMaterials,Equipment,and Pro-cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and PreparingStandard Vulcanized SheetsD3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for TestPurposes from ProductsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials inAccel-erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet(UV)Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials3.Summary of Test Method3.1 Specimens to be tested for discoloration are exposed toUV or UV/visible radiation.The specimens shall include oneor more control specimens of known discoloration character-istics.3.2 After exposing the specimens to actinic radiation forspecified periods of time,under controlled conditions ofrelative humidity,or moisture,and temperature,the degree ofdiscoloration is rated against discoloration of the controlspecimens,which have been exposed simultaneously with thetest specimens.4.Significance and Use4.1 The surface of white or light-colored vulcanized rubberarticles,or vulcanized rubber covered with an organic finish,may discolor when exposed to conditions of humidity,ormoisture,heat,and sunlight.This change in color of light-colored rubber surfaces is objectionable to the consumer.4.2 Results obtained should be treated only as indicating theeffect of irradiance from the specified source(either UVA-340lamps or a xenon arc with a Daylight Filter)and not asequivalent to the result of any natural exposure,unless thedegree of quantitative correlation has been empirically estab-lished for the material in question.4.3 This test method may be used for producer-consumeracceptance,referee purposes,and research and developmentwork.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.15 on Degradation Tests.Current edition approved Jan.1,2013.Published February 2013.Originallyapproved in 1951.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1148 07a.DOI:10.1520/D1148-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Apparatus5.1 Fluorescent UV/Condensation Apparatus(PracticeG154)Use Fluorescent UV test apparatus that conforms tothe requirements defined in Practices G151 and G154.5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified,the spectral power distri-bution(SPD)of the fluorescent lamp shall conform to therequirements of Table 1 in Practice G154(UVA-340 Lamp).Refer to Fig.1.5.2 Xenon Arc Light Apparatus(Practice G155)Use xe-non arc test apparatus that conforms to the requirementsdefined in Practices G151 and G155.5.2.1 Unless otherwise specified,the spectral power distri-bution(SPD)of the filtered xenon lamp shall conform to there