ASTM_D_1544_-_04_2010.pdf

Designation:D154404(Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forColor of Transparent Liquids(Gardner Color Scale)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1544;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the color oftransparent liquids by means of comparison with arbitrarilynumbered glass standards.1.2 Users of this method should have normal color vision.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids byBubble Time MethodD6166 Test Method for Color of Naval Stores and RelatedProducts(Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color)E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE System3.Significance and Use3.1 This test method applies to drying oils,varnishes,fattyacids,polymerized fatty acids,and resin solutions.Its applica-tion to other materials has not been tested.4.Apparatus4.1 Glass Standards,18,numbered separately,and havingthe color characteristics given in Table 1.The color shall beproduced by the glass components only.Some glass standardsin use today do not conform to the values reported in Table 1.The calibration of glass standards should be verified prior touse;a suitable procedure for their calibration is contained inAppendix X1.4.2 Glass Tubes,clear,10.65 mm in inside diameter andabout 114 mm in outside length.(Viscosity tubes,as describedin Test Method D1545,are satisfactory.)4.3 Suitable apparatus for comparing sample and standard.The apparatus may be of any design,but should have thefollowing characteristics:4.3.1 IlluminationCIE Illuminant C.4.3.2 Surrounding FieldThe field should be black.4.3.3 Field of ViewThe specimen and one or more stan-dards should subtend a visual angle of about 2 and be in thefield of view simultaneously.4.3.4 Separation of Standard and SpecimenThere shouldbe a perceptible separation between specimen and standard,butthis should be as small as is mechanically possible.5.Procedure5.1 Fill a glass tube with the material under test.If thematerial is perceptibly cloudy,first filter it.5.2 Compare with glass standards,determining which stan-dard most closely matches the specimen in brightness andsaturation.Ignore hue differences.6.Report6.1 Report the color as the number of the standard mostclosely matching the specimen.If more precise measurementsare needed,report as either matching a standard or lighter ordarker.Thus,between colors 5 and 6,the steps will be 5,5+,6,and 6.6.2 Report any significant difference in hue between thesample and the nearest-match standard.7.Precision and Bias7.1 On the basis of a study in which one observer at each of80 laboratories made duplicate determinations on four samples,the“between”and“within”standard deviations were found tobe 0.5 and 0.1 color number,respectively.Based on these1This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.Current edition approved June 1,2010.Published June 2010.Originallyapproved in 1958.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D1544 04.DOI:10.1520/D1544-04R10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 standard deviations,the following criteria should be used forjudging the acceptability of results at the 95%confidencelevel.7.2 RepeatabilityTwo results obtained by a single opera-tor should be considered suspect if they differ by more than twothirds of a color number.7.3 ReproducibilityTwo results,each of the mean ofduplicate measurements,made by operators in different labo-ratories should be considered suspect if they differ by morethan four thirds of a color number.NOTE1If desired,liquid standards matching the colors given in Table1,in glass tubes similar to the sample tubes may be used.These may befilled with potassium chloroplatinate for the light colors and solutions offerric chloride and cobalt chloride in hydrochloric acid for the